tMf 


.  n 


j^^        BERGER'S 

TOURISTS'  aUIDE 


■TO- 


NEAA^  MEXICO. 


-INCLUDING- 


DESCRIPTIONS    OF    TOWNS,     PUEBLOS,    CHURCHES, 
PICTURES,    STATUES,    RUINS     AND    ANTIQUI- 
TIES;   TOGETHER    WITH   MOUNTAINS, 
CANONS,  SPRINGS,  AND  ^OTHER 
PLACES    OF     INTEREST. 


santa'fe. 


I 


KANSAS  CITY,  MO. : 
Publishing  House  of  Ramsey,  Millett  &  Hudson. 

1883. 


WALTER  V.  HAYT, 


iiteitei  I  SI^^Ki 


^c=r^FIRST  NATIONAL  BANK  BUILDING,:^::^-^ 


Santa  Fe, 


New  Mexico. 


OF  NEW  mum  AND  THE  gREAT  gOUTHWEST, 


Souvenir  Albums 


AND 


Medals  San  Miiiiel  Ckrcti,  Stataery,  Faocj  Articles, 


ETC.,   ETC.,   ETC. 


INTRODUCTORY, 


This  little  book  is  intended  for  a  "  Tourist's  Guide  "  to  New  Nexico,  drawing 
attention  to  such  objects  in  each  place  as  are  best  worthy  of  the  attention  of  the  trav- 
eller ;  and  it  does  not  attempt  to  give  the  history,  or  ai»v'  full  description  of  the 
natural  resources  or  business  opportunities  of  the  Territory  ;  they  would  be  out  of 
place  here.  The  history  can  be  found  in  books  specially  on  that  subject,  and  those 
wishing  information  as  to  resources,  products,  and  business  matters,  can  obtain  them 
from  the  Bureau  of  Immigration,  or  the  score  of  excellent  land  agencies  that  exist 
in  the  Territory.  We  only  propose,  before  proceeding  to  the  special  descriptions  of 
places,  to  give  a  few  general  facts  as  to  characteristic  features  and  history,  sufficient 
to  make  the  particular  descriptions  more  intelligible  ;  and  to  add  a  small  chapter  on 
the  pronunciation  of  Spanish  names,  which  is  peculiarly  desirable  in  this  Territory. 


General  Features. 

New  Mexico  is  a  great  Plateau,  traversed  by  mountain  ranges,  and  increasing  in 
elevation  from  south  to  north.  Scarcely  anywhere  is  its  elevation  less  than  4,000 
feet — at  Santa  F^  it  is  over  7,000 ;  and  its  highest  peaks  are  nearly  13,000.  The  most 
peculiar  feature  of  its  landscapes  are  the  mesas,  or  tables,  being  elevations  with 
perfectly  flat  tops;  sometimes  quite  smaW,  and  sometimes  extending  for  many  miles, 
but  always  with  this  feature,  unknown  in  most  lands,  of  the  perfectly  level  top  ;  which 
is  usually  caused  by  a  stratum  of  some  solid  rock.  These  will  be  seen  under  ever- 
varying  circumstances  in  all  parts  of  the  Territory.  The  total  area  is  121,201  square 
miles,  the  Territory  being  about  335  miles  from  east  to  west,  345  miles  from  north  to 
south  at  the  east  boundary,  and  390  at  the  west.  The  population  in  1880,  exclusive  of 
Indians,  who  are  not  citizens,  was  119,565;  of  whom  64,496  were  male,  and  55,069 
female;  111,514  native,  and  8,051  foreign;  108,721  white,  and  10,844  colored,  the 
latter  including  Pueblo  Indians  and  half-breeds.  The  population  has  increased  very 
rapidly  since  the  coming  of  the  railroads,  the  total  in  1883  exceeding  150,000. 

The  climate  is  considered  the  finest  in  the  United  States.  The  high  altitude 
insures  dryness  and  purity,  and  by  travelling  from  place  to  place  almost  any  desired 
temperature  can  be  enjoyed.  The  elevations  of  some  of  the  principal  points  are  as 
follows:  Santa  Fe,.  7,047;  Old  Fort  Marcy,  7,340;  Costilla,  7,774;  Tierra  Amarilla, 
7,455 ;  Glorieta,  7,587 ;  Taos,  6,950 ;  Las  Vegas,  6,452 ;  Cimarron,  6,489 ;  Bernalillo, 
5,704;  Albuquerque,  4,918;  Socorro,  4,655;  Las  Cruces,  3,844;  Silver  City,  5,946; 
Ft.  Stanton,  5,800.  The  mean  temperature  at  the  Government  Station  at  Santa  Fe, 
for  several  years,  was  as  follows:  1874,  48.9  degrees;  1875,  48.6;  1876,  48.1;  1877, 
48.3 ;  1878,  47.6 ;  1879,  50.6 ;  1880,  46.6 ;  which  shows  an  extraordinary  uniformity. 
For  tubercular  diseases  the  death  rate  in  New  Mexico  is  the  lowest  in  the  country, 
the  ratio  being  as  follows  :  New  England,  25 ;  Minnesota,  14 ;  Southern  States,  6 ;  and 
New  Mexico,  3. 

The  first  thing  which  strikes  the  stranger  is  the  material  and  style  of  the  houses, 
they  being  generally  of  adobe  (a-do^bay),  and  one  story  high.  An  adobe  is  a  sun-dried 
brick,  moulded  of  earth  and  straw,  and  usually  18x9x4.  They  are  the  same  bricks 
which  the  Children  of  Israel  were  called  on  to  make  in  Egypt,  and  which  are  the 
general  building  material  in  dry  countries  the  world  over.  Some  "  tenderfeet," 
especially  correspondents  who  write  learnedly  of  the  whole  Territory  after  being 
within  it  for  a  day,  think  it  brilliant  to  refer  to  the  adobe  houses  as  "  mud  "  houses ; 
forgetting  that  with  as  much  propriety  might  the  stores  and  residences  of  Phila- 
delphia be  called  "  clay  houses,"  because  their  bricks  happen  to  be  made  of  that 
variety  of  earth.  A  short  residence  teaches  the  new-comer,  that  for  this  climate,  no 
house  is  so  entirely  comfortable  as  one  with  thick  adobe  walls,  to  keep  it  cool  in 
summer  and  warm  in  winter.  They  were  usually  built  in  a  square  around  a  court, 
called  a.  placita,  with  one  large  entrance  or  saguan]  all  the  rooms  opening  upon  this 
court.  Originally  they  had  few  windows  on  the  outside,  but  now  these  are  added. 
The  roofs  are  flat,  supported  by  round  timbers  called  vi(/as,  on  which  are  laid  boards 


No  one  should  visit  New  Mexico  without  calling  and 

seeing  the 

OELTlBR^TED 


MANUFACTURED  BY 


Abeytia  Bros.  &  Co., 


San  Francisco  Street, 


SANTA  FE, 


NEW  MEXICO, 


The  only  Native  Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in  the 


Mm  Mexicao  Filipe  Jewelrv 


Awarded  FIRST  PREMIUM  AND  PRIZE  at   the  First 

Territorial  Fair. 


FIRM  : 

Antonio  Y.  A.  Abeyti^,  Francisco  Abeytia, 

Anicito  C.   Abeytia. 


I 


NEW   MEXICO 

-^REAL  X  ESTATE  x  AND  x  INSURANCE  x  AGENSY.^ 

JE8SE  M.    WHEELOCK, 

AGENT   FOR 

BACA  ADDITION.        BACA  &  ARMIJO  ADDITION,        PEREA  ADDITION, 

NICOLAS  T.  ARMIJO  ADDITION,  EASTERN  ADDITION, 

And   Numerous  Lots   in    NEW    MEXICO    TOWN    COMPANY'S    Town    Site. 

ARCHITECT  and  SUPERINTENDENT.     PLANS  and  SPECIFIC  A  TIONS  FURNISHED. 

Oflices  in  Cromwell  Block, 

Albuquerque,  _  _  _  .  New  Mexico. 


H.  W^.  WYMAN, 


—DEALER    IN- 


Metallic  I  Wood  Coffins  I  Caskets, 

And  Undertakers'  Supplies. 

EMBALMING  A  SPECIALTY. 

ALL  ORDERS  BY  TELEGRAPH  PROMPTLY  ATTENDED  TO. 

HISTORICAL  SOCIETY 

—  OF 

NeAV  Mexico. 

JRooniSf    ffashinf/ton  Ave.^  bettveen  the  Palace  and  Palace  Hotel, 

Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico. 


HON.  L.  BRADFORD  PRINCE,  President. 

EUGENE  A.  FISKE,  Vice-President. 

DAVID  J.  MILLED,  Cor.  Secretary. 

WILLIAM  M  BERGER,  Rec.  Secretary. 
S.  SPIEGEL  BERG.  Treasurer. 

JOHN  C.  PEARCE,  Curator. 

Strangers  are  Cordially  Invited  to  Visit  the  Rooms. 


4  General  Features. 

which  are  covered  with  earth,  the  top  of  which  is  worked  over  so  as  to  shed  water. 
Inside,  the  rooms  are  whitewashed  with  a  kind  of  gypsum  called  "  yezo,"  which  is 
dazzlingly  white ;  arid  the  lower  part  of  the  walls,  the  fire-place,  etc.,  are  usually 
coated  with  tierra  amarilla,  which  is  yellow  in  color,  and  glistening  with  specks  of 
mica,  and  which  will  notrub  off,  as  the  "yezo"  will.  The  fire-places  are  usually  in  the 
corner  of  rooms,  and  it  may  be  mentioned  here,  that  the  wood  is  burned  upright,  which 
is  much  better  on  many  accounts  than  the  horizontal  position  common  elsewhere. 

In  every  town,  large  or  small,  is  a  church  or  chapel,  generally  the  only  lofty 
building  in  the  place,  which,  if  large,  is  cruciform  in  shape,  and  usually  has  a  bell- 
tower  in  front.  As  the  roofs  are  flat,  the  width  of  these  churches,  without  regard  to 
their  length,  is  limited  by  the  length  of  the  vigas. 

Another  feature,  that  always  attracts  attention,  is  the  abundance  of  small  don- 
keys, called  burros  (boor^ro),  which  are  used  for  almost  all  purposes  by  the  common 
people.  They  carry  burdens  of  astonishing  size,  of  wood,  grain,  flour,  fruit,  hay — 
in  fact,  anything  that  is  placed  upon  them — with  a  patience  and  perseverance  which 
are  remarkable.  No  street  scene  in  New  Mexico  is  perfect  that  does  not  include  some 
of  these  little  animals ;  and  without  them  it  is  difficult  to  see  how  business  could 
proceed. 


I 


Brief    Historical  Sketch. 

The  first  European  to  enter  New  Mexico  was  Cabeza  de  Vaca,  who  w^as  ship- 
wrecked on  the  coast  of  Texas,  and  after  long  wanderings,  extending  over  several 
years,  reached  the  western  side  of  the  continent  in  Sonora  in  1538.  He  passed 
through  New  Mexico,  crossing  the  Pecos,  ascending  the  Rio  Grande  for  thirty-four 
days,  seeing  the  permanent  buildings  of  the  Pueblo  Indians,  and  being  presented  with 
turquoise  from  the  great  mine  at  Cerrillos.  In  1539  Friar  Marcos  de  Niza  came  on 
an  exploring  expedition  as  far  as  Zuiii,  which  he  called  Cibola,  but  could  not  enter 
the  city.  He  gave  such  a  glowing  account  of  the  richness  of  the  country  that  the 
next  year  Coronado  came  with  an  expedition  composed  of  the  flower  of  the  chivalry 
of  Mexico.  He  came  to  Zuiii ;  then  to  Tiguere  and  Cicuye,  the  principal  cities  in 
the  valley  of  the  Eio  Grande,  the  former  being  on  the  Puerco  an  the  latter  near  San- 
ta Ana;  visited  Lagura  and  Acoma ;  and  thence  proceeded  across  the  Great  Plains 
to  Quivira,  on  the  Missouri  River.  A  fall  from  his  horse,  and  the  desire  to  return  to 
his  wife,  caused  Coronado  to  return  in  1542  without  permanent  colonization. 

In  1581  came  the  expedition  of  Friar  Ruiz  and  two  companions  as  missionaries; 
and  on  December  10,  1582,  Don  Anito  de  Espejo  started  on  an  expedition  to  rescue 
them,  but  was  too  late.  He  explored  the  country,  however,  as  far  west  as  Zuiii  and 
Moqui,  and  north  to  the  vicinity  of  Santo  Domingo. 

In  1591  Juan  de  Oiiate  led  a  colony  which  settled  at  the  mouth  of  the  Chama 
River,  and  within  a  few  years  the  whole  country  was  populated  by  Spaniards.  He 
made  an  expedition  to  Quivira  in  1599.  By  1608  8,000  Indians  had  been  baptized, 
and  by  1629,  34,650. 

In  1661  Peiialosa  led  his  famous  expedition  across  the  Plains  to  Quivira,  but 
was  soon  after  imprisoned  in  Mexico  at  the  instance  of  the  Inquisition.  In  1680  the 
Pueblos,  who  had  been  driven  to  desperation  by  a  practical  slavery  in  the  mines, 
and  other  ill  treatment,  revolted  and  drove  the  Spaniards  from  the  Territory.  They 
held  possession  about  thirteen  years,  when  Governor  Diego  de  Vargas  again  reduced 
the  country  to  Spanish  control.  During  the  interim  all  the  churches,  etc.,  had  been 
destroyed,  but  they  were  soon  after  rebuilt. 

About  1805  the  first  trader  came  from  the  United  States  across  the  Plains,  and 
the  business  of  the  Santa  F^  Trail  increased  from  that  time  until  the  building  of  the 
railroad.  In  1837  there  was  a  rebellion  in  the  north  of  the  Territory,  which  was 
successful  for  a  time,  but  was  finally  put  down  by  Gen.  Armijo,  who  became  Governor. 
In  1846,  in  the  "  Mexican  War,"  Gen.  Kearney  marched  across  the  Plains  and  en- 
tered Santa  F^  without  opposition,  taking  possession  of  the  whole  of  New  Mexico  as 
United  States'  territory.  A  provisional  government  was  establLshed  with  Charles 
Bent  as  Governor ;  but  he  was  killed  in  January,  1847,  in  the  Taos  Insurrection, 
which  was  soon  after  suppressed  by  Gen.  Price.  Since  then,  with  the  exception  of 
Indian  wars,  the  Territory  has  been  at  peace.  In  1879  the  railroad  arrived  at  Las 
Vegas,  and  since  then  development  has  been  very  rapid. 

The  Pueblo  Indiiu^s,  the  civilized  aborigines,  are  probably  an  ofishoot  from  the 
Aztecs  who  remained  here  when  tne  main  body  of  the  nation  migrated  to  the  South. 

This  little  skeleton  history  is  given  simply  to  show  the  connection  between  dif- 
rent  events  mentioned  in  the  descriptions  of  various  localities. 


TOLTEC  GORGE,  BELOW   THE  TUNNEL. 


KI  JriBi:" 


National  Bank 


o  F- 


SANTA  FE,  NEW  MEXICO 


UNITED  STATES  DEPOSITORY. 


C^Pl^^l'  -  -  -  -  $150,000 

Surplus,      -  -  -  _  .        go  000 


S.  B.  ELKINS,  K.  j.  palEiX, 

President.  Cashier 

W.  W.  GPvIFFm,  Vice-President. 


directors: 

S.  B.  ElkiiVs,  Pedro  Perea,  T.  B.  Catron, 

W.  W.  Griffin,  R.  H.  Longwill, 

Louis  Sulzbacher,  j>^  j  Palen. 


Pronunciation  of  Spanish  Names. 

These  names  are  so  constantly  met  with,  in  New  Mexico,  that  it  is  desirable,  of 
course,  to  pronounce  them  correctly.  Fortunately,  no  language  is  so  easy  to  pronounce 
as  Spanish— a  few  brief  rules  include  the  whole  subject.  Every  letter  has  an  unvary- 
ing sound,  and  the  accents,  unless  specially  designated  in  the  word,  are  uniform  and 
undianging.  So  that  a  person  seeing  a  printed  word  knows  instantly  how  it  is  pro- 
nounced ;  and  one  hearing  a  spoken  word,  knows  exactly  how  it  is  spelled.  The 
sounds  of  the  letters  are  as  follows,  as  nearly  as  can  be  easily  represented : — 

A — as  in  Ah.  O— the  full  sound  as  in  "  go." 

B — as  in  English.  P — as  in  English. 

C — before  a,  o,  or  u,  is  hard,  like  K.  Q — (always  followed  by  *'u")  as  K. 

C — bieforee  and  i,  is  soft  like  S.  E — as  in  English. 

D — as  in  English.  S— as  in  English,  the  sharp  sound  only,  as 

E— as  A.  in  "  sister." 

P — as  in  English.  T— as  in  English. 

G — before  a,  o,  or  u,  is  hard,  as  G  in  ''go."  U — as  Oo,  or  u  in  "Euth." 

G — before  e  and  i,  is  pronounced  like  H.     V — as  in  English. 

H — is  silent.  \V — no  such  letter. 

I— asE.  X — little  used  now.     The  J   is   geneially 

J — as  H.  used  in  preference. 

K — as  in  English.  Y — as  in  English  when  a  consonant,  when 

L — as  in  English.  a  vowel,  like  the  Spanish  I  "  E." 

M — as  in  English.  Z— like  s  in  "  sister." 

N — as  in  English.  CH — is  always  sounded  as  in  English. 

In  addition  to  these  there  are  two  letters,  or  combinations,  not  in  English. 

LL — is  pronounced  exactly  as  L  followed  by  Y,  as  "  011a,"  pronounced  "  Ole-ya.  " 

N — (originally  a  double  n)  is  pronounced  as  N  followed  by  Y,  as  "  nifio,"  pro- 
nounced "  neen-yo." 

In  Gue  and  Chii  the  "  u  "  only  has  the  effect  of  making  the  sound  of  the  G  hard  ; 
as  Gay  and  Ghee. 

It  is  proper  to  add  that  in  Castile,  the  soft  C  and  the  Z  are  pronounced  TH  (as 
in  "  thin  "),  but  in  all  Spanish  America,  as  well  as  most  of  Spain,  they  are  pronounced 
as  "  S  ;"  and  it  appears  like  affectation  to  sound  them  otherwise.  So  in  some  places 
the  D  has  a  slight  lisping  sound  added  to  it,  but  not  sufficiently  generally  to  make  it- 
worth  while  to  try  to  imitate  it,   at  any   rate   until   experienced  in  the  language.       J^m 

The  above  are  all  the  sounds,  and  are  absolutely  invariable.     By  simply  taking™ 
any   Spanish  word    and   pronouncing  the  letters,   eveiy  one^  just  as  they  come,  as 
above,  you  will  be  sure  to  be  right. 


Pronunciation  of  Spanish  Names.  7 

Remember  a  few  things  :  There  are  no  dipthongs  in  Spanish.  That  is,  two  vowels 
are  never  pronounced  as  one  sound  ;  each  one  has  its  own  sound — thus  "  Eugenio  "  is 
Ai-oo  hay  nee-o,  the  first  two  letters  being  as  separate  as  any  others.  The  nearest 
approach  to  a  dipthong  is  where  ao  are  together,  producing  nearly  the  sound 
of  "  ow  "  in  English  ;  or  ai,  producing  nearly  the  sound  of  "  i  "  in  English;  but  a 
moment's  examination  will  show  that  each  letter  preserves  its  sound.  Thei'e  is  no 
sound  of  "  sh  "or  "zh,"  like  the  English  sounds  in  "  shall  "  and  "usual."  There  are 
no  such  vowel  sounds  as  e  in  "  pet,"  i  in  "  pin,"  a  in  "  fat,"  o  in  "  hot,"  u  in  "utter,"  oo 
in  "wood"  (same  as  u  in  "bull"),  or  as  au  or  aw  in  "slaughter"  and  "law.' 
There  is  no  ^^  z"  soundy  ever.  There  is  no  "  j  "  or  soft  "  g  "  sound.  Remembering  this 
will  save  many  mistakes. 

The  accentuation  is  very  simple.  In  all  singular  nouns  ending  with  a  consonant 
the  accent  is  on  the  last  syllable  ;  if  ending  with  a  vowel,  on  the  syllable  before  the 
last.  But  note  that  in  Spanish  two  vowels  coming  together  are  for  this  purpose 
counted  as  one  syllable  ;  so  that  Tapia  is  pronounced  "  Tah^pee-ah, "  and  not  "  Tah- 
pee^ah."  Words  pluralized  by  adding  "  es  "  do  not  change  the  accent  on  account  of 
that  addition.  All  words  varying  from  these  rules,  except  a  few  common  names,  and 
the  regular  parts  of  some  verbs,  have  special  accents  upon  them.  With  the  above 
rules,  the  traveller  can  pronounce  absolutely  correctly  every  word  that  he  sees. 

In  New  Mexico,  in  the  course  of  long  years,  when  she  was  practically  cut  off  from 
the  mother  country,  and  her  language  was  only  a  spoken  one,  handed  down  from  father 
to  son,  without  any  standard  of  revision,  some  corruptions  naturally  crept  in ;  the 
only  wonder  being  that  they  are  so  few.  These  are  all,  as  might  be  expected,  in  the 
direction  of  carelessness,  or  of  slurring  sounds,  or  dropping  them;  in  short,  what 
might  be  called  "labor-saving"  changes.  We  mention  the  principal  ones  of  these 
for  the  double  purpose  of  having  the  tourist  avoid  them,  and  also  that  he  may  under- 
stand what  is  meant  by  a  name  if  he  hears  it  in  its  corrupted  form.  First,  the  use 
of  B  for  V  or  V  for  B.  This  shows  itself  more  in  writing  or  print  than  in  speaking  ; 
but  the  mistake  in  spelling  comes  from  a  corruption  in  pronunciation.  Thus  we  see 
"  Begas  "  for  "  Vegas  ;"  "  Balencia  "  for  "  Valencia  ;"  "  Bermejo  "  for  "  Vermejo,"  etc. 
^cond,  the  dropping  of  the  "  1 "  sound  from  "  11."  This  is  a  most  aggravating  error, 
as  it  loses  to  the  language  that  liquid  sound  which  is  the  special  charm  of  Italian, 
Portuguese,  Spanish,  and  the  other  languages  of  Southern  Europe.  But  the  truth 
remains  that  most  of  the  uneducated  New  Mexicans  drop  the  "  1  "  completely,  and 
pronounce  "  11 "  as  if  it  were  "y."  Thus,  the  traveller  will  hear  Bernalillo  pronounced 
"  Bernaliyo;"  Gallegos,  "  Gayegos ;"  Mesilla,  "  Mesiya ;"  Valles,  "  Vayes ;"  Cerrillos, 
"  Cerriyos  ;"  villa  as  if  "  via ;"  oUa  as  if  "  oya,"  and  amarilla  as  if  "amaria ;"  in  fact, 
so  much  had  the  name  of  Tierra  Amarilla  been  shortened  down  by  this  labor-saving 
process,  that  it  appears  in  one  official  document  spelled  "  Tia  Maria."  In  some  cases 
the  two  cases  of  corruption  just  mentioned  are  united  with  very  startling  effect,  ais 
when  "caballo  "  is  metamorphosed  into  "  cavayo,"  and  "  ceboUa  "  into  "  sevoya." 
The  writer  has  seen  "  bueyes  "  spelled  "  vuelles,"  and  "  yo  "—the  consonant  of  words 
—spelled  "  llo.'*  Third,  the  dropping  of  the  "B"  sound  (which  should  be  very 
strongly  accentuated)  in  the  syllable  "  ado,"  at  the  end  of  words ;  thus  giving  it  the 
English  sound  of  "  ow  "  in  "  cow."  This,  of  course,  is  not  among  educated  people, 
but  it  is  mentioned  because  the  traveller  may  hear  "  Colorow "  for  "  Colorado," 
"  Delgow  "  for  "  Delgado,"  "  low  "  for  "  lado,"  etc. ;  and  be  at  a  loss  to  understand 
what  is  meant.  Fourth,  another  corruption,  not  so  general,  is  in  the  dropping  of  the 
sound  of  "  G  "  when  it  precedes  "  ua  ;"  and  so  miscalling  so  common  a  word  as 
"  ague  "  as  if  it  was  "  awa;"  "Guadalupe,"  "  Wadalupe  ;"  "  Guadalajara,"  "  Wada- 
ajara;"  "  Gudymas,"  "  Wyraas"  etc.  It  is  difficult  to  see  how  people  fell  into  the  habit  of 


JACOB  GROSS.  •  A.  M.    BLACKWKLL.  HARKY   W.   KELT.Y. 

GROSS,  BLACKWELL  &  CO., 

LAS  VEGAS,  NEW  MEXICO. 

Wholesale  Grocers, 


AND    DEALERS    IN 


CBNBML  MfiK€MAND18B. 


DistriliotiKAieBtsfgrSTRAION  8i  STOBMCpsforNew  Hen. 


Agents  for  the  famous  Schuttler  &  Studebaker 

Farm,  Spring  and  Freight  Wagons. 


Dealers  in 


HIBli,  WOOL  aM  PILTS, 

Wholesale  and  Retail 

Dry  Goois,  Notions,  Hats/ Caps,  Boots  and  Slioes, 

AND  GENERAL  RANCH  SUPPLIES. 


Building  600  Feet  Lon^,  by  60  Feet  ^W^ide. 


WM.  A.   McKENZlE, 


DEALER  IN 


General  Hardware 


MANUFACTURER  OF 


TlWOPm  MlT-liME 


Plumbing,  Gas  and  Steam-Fitting 


IN  ALL  ITS  BRANCHES 


.^iLg^exit  JFor  tlxe 


Celebrated  Charter  Oak  Stoves, 


SAN  FRANCISCO  ST., 


SANTA  FE,  N.  M. 


8 


Pronunciation  of  Spanish  Names. 


dropping  these  letters,  unless  from  sheer  laziness  ;  but  it  seemed  pioper  to  mention  it, 
lest  the  traveller,  who  knows  some  Spanish,  should  be  nonphised  by  hearing  some 
one  say  "  aw  a,"  or  talk  of  Our  Lady  of  "Wadalupe."  For  these  corruptions  are 
not  confined  to  natives,  but  just  as  a  Chinaman  learns  American  oaths  before  any 
other  words,  so  some  "  Americans  "  seem  to  think  it  shows  a  great  proficiency  in  the 
language  to  use  these  corruptions,  which  the  excellent  schools  in  the  Territory  will 
soon  make  things  of  the  past.  There  is  one  corruption,  far  worse  than  any  of  these, 
which  we  trust  the  tourist  will  not  come  across,  unless  perhaps  among  the  Pueblo 
Indians — that  is  the  dropping  of  the  "  B  "  in  "  Bueno"  and  saying  "  Waino  ;"  that 
can  only  be  compared  to  the  other  Pueblo  corruption  of  "  mucho  "  into  "  muncho.' 
Of  course  these  peculiarities  are  not  general,  and  when  we  consider  the  long  isola- 
tion of  New  Mexico,  and  the  general  lack  of  education  during  more  than  a  century 
they  are  very  few. 


SANTA  FE. 


i 


Santa  F^,  the  City  of  the  Holy  Faith  of  St.  Francis,  by  far  the  oldest  capital  in 
the  United  States,  is  also  its  most  ancient  city.  Long  before  Cabeza  de  Vaca  roamed 
across  New  Mexico,  or  Colorado  unlocked  the  mysteries  of  the  Land  of  the  Seven 
Cities,  Santa  F^  was  a  flourishing  Pueblo  town,  extending,  as  the  ruins  and  remains 
of  pottery  and  stone  implements  conclusively  prove,  more  than  five  miles  along  the 
valley  of  the  little  stream  which  bears  its  name. 

The  history  of  its  first  European  settlement  was  lost, with  most  of  the  early  records 
of  the  Territory,  by  the  destruction  of  all  the  archives  in  1680.  But  the  earliest 
mention  of  it  shows  it  even  then  to  have  been  the  capital  and  the  center  of  authority 
and  influence.  Probably  the  first  Spaniards  who  penetrated  into  the  country  after 
Coronado  had  opened  it  to  the  knowledge  of  rbankind,  were  attracted  by  the  situa- 
tion and  climate  of  the  old  pueblo  town,  and  made  it  their  residence,  and  even  before 
that  time  it  is  likely  that  the  good  Friar  Luis,  who  insisted  on  remaining  when  Coro- 
nado retired  from  the  country,  came  over  from  his  home  near  Zia,  and  preached 
Christianity  to  the  people.  We  only  learn  by  accident  of  Oiiate's  first  visit  to  the 
town,  from  its  being  incidentally  stated  in  speaking  of  the  triumphal  entry  of  Var- 
gas in  1692,  that  he  carried  the  same  colors  under  which  Ofiate  had  marched  into 
Santa  Fe  a  century  before.  From  this  city  in  1599  Oriate  started  on  his  great  expe- 
dition across  the  plains  to  the  famed  city  of  Quivira;  and  to  its  Plaza  came  the  dele- 
gation of  Quivirans  on  their  return  visit  in  1606.  Here  in  1662  Penalosa  marshaled 
his  magnificent  array  of  chivalry,  for  a  similar  venturesome  march,  and  in  the 
Palace  he  confined  the  Chief  Official  of  the  Inquisition  but  a  year  later.  On  the 
hills  around  appeared  the  Pueblo  army  of  Pop^  on  the  11th  of  August,  1680,  and 
then  ensued  the  nine  days'  siege,  conducted  and  resisted  with  equal  gallantry  until 
farther  effort  being  useless  the  Spaniards  evacuated  the  city  and  it  fell  into  the 
hands  of  its  old  inhabitants.  Then  its  churches  were  demolished,  all  documents  and 
papers  and  every  sacred  vessel  and  image  were  destroyed  by  great  fires  in  the  Plaza ; 
estufas  were  constructed,  the  "  cachina  "  religious  dance  again  performed,  and  every- 
thing possible  done  to  obliterate  even  the  remembrance  of  foreign  domination.  Then 
after  twelve  years,  on  September  13,  1692,  Vargas,  the  Reconquistndor,  entered  the  town 
but  did  not  remain,  and  on  December  16,  1693,  made  his  final  triumphal  entry 
alluded  to  in  the  description  of  the  Plaza.  On  that  occasion  he  found  the  Taiios 
Indians  in  possession  of  the  palace,  and  wishing  to  conciliate  even  after  his  conquest, 
he  encamped  the  Spanish  forces  and  families  on  the  hills  north  of  the  town  until 
Christmas  day.  Then  he  demanded  the  use  of  the  houses  for  his  army  and  people, 
and  as  the  In<'ians  had  decided  not  to  leave,  a  desperate  though  brief  siege  took 
place,  the  battle  raging  all  day  on  the  26th,  followed  by  the  surrender  on  the 
27th,  and  the  speedy  execution  of  all  the  Pueblo  warriors  who  were  taken  prisoners, 
in  the  Plaza  in  front  of  the  palace.  Here,  in  1804,  came  the  first  venturesome 
trader  from  the  East — the  fore-runner  of  the  great  line  of  merchants  who  made  the 
traffic  of  the  "  Santa  F^  Trail "  world-wide  in  its  celebrity.  Here,  in  August,  1837, 
came  Gov.  Perez  when  he  found  himself  unsupported  against  the  rebellion  ;  and 
here,  a  few  hours  after  his  retreat,  the  brutal  multitude  brought  his  head,  and  inaug- 
urated the  chief  of  the  insurrection,  Josd  Gonzales,  a  Pueblo  Indian,  as  Governor, 
ere  Armijo,    in   the   counter-revolution,   established   his   authority,  and   here   he 


IjMIm,  ViB@k  t  ^aitif  eliilFfiie 


The  Longest  Line  of  Railroad  in  the  World   under 
One  Management. 


THE  COLOSSUS  OF  RAILROADS. 


Cheap  Rates  from  Missouri  River  to  all  points  in 

Colorado,  New    Mexico   and   Arizona. 


THE  QUICKEST  AND  SHORTEST  ROUTE  TO  CALIFORNIA. 
WM.  F.  WHITE,  C.  C.  WHEELER, 

Oeii'l  Prtj^seiiiser  Assent,  Vice  V.  and  Oen'l  llanager. 

TOPEKA,  KA.NSAS. 


The  Great  Rock  Island  Route ! 


Chicago  to  Kansas  City,  Colorado,  New  Mexico,  Omaha,  and 
the  Great  Northwest. 


Close  connections  at  all  leading  points.  PALACE  DINING  CARS, 
HORTON'S  CHAIR  CARS,  PULLMAN  SLEEPERS,  and  all  modern 
conveniences.     FARE  LOW  and  SAFE  TRANSIT. 


Tlze  JSTeTsr  Roixte  to  LTte  Fclttlotls  Silver  Regions 

J^ew  JVIej^tco. 


Connections  made  at  Deming  with  the  A.  T.    &   S.    F.    R.    R.    and 
Southern  Pacific  R.  R.  for  all  points  east  and  west. 

JOHN  W.  SMITH, 

Oen'l  Siipt.,  Silver  City,  Netv  Mexico. 


WM.   H.   McBROOM, 


NEAR  FT.  SUMNEK, 

San  Miguel  Comity,  New  Mexico. 


BK/E3BIDER.    OIF 


HlGH-GRiDE  SeORT-eORN  BULLS, 


f 


Voung  Bulls  For  Sale. 

Brand  "  H  "  on  Each  Hip,  Under-Bit  from  Eacli  Ear. 


Address  Wm.  H.  McBROOM, 

SANTA  FE.  N.  M, 


10  Santa  Fe. 

caused  the  ring-leaders  in  the  revolt  to  be  executed.  Here,  in  1846,  the  same  Armi]o 
marched  out  to  meet  the  American  armies,  and  here,  a  few  days  later,  on  August  J 8, 
Gen.  Kearney  took  possession  of  the  palace  and  raised  the  Stars  and  Stripes  in  the 
Plaza.  Here,  on  the  10th  of  March,  1862,  appeared  the  forces  of  the  Southern  Con- 
federacy, and  established  the  Eebel  rule,  which  continued  until  April  8,  when  they 
retired  toward  Texas,  and  the  Union  forces  returned. 

Thus  we  have  rapidly  sketched  some  of  the  scenes  in  the  history  of  this  Ancient 
Capital.  By  its  side,  Jamestown  and  New  Amsterdam  and  Plymouth  forget  their 
antiquity,  and  even  St.  Augustine  loses  its  old  position  of  priority. 

Having  said  so  much  of  the  town  generally,  we  proceed  to  enumerate  some  of 
the  special  objects  of  interest  which  tourists  usually  visit. 


POINTS  OF  INTEREST, 


r«  Fort  lHarcy* — The  Tourist  should  first  visit  this  height,  which  over- 
looks the  entire  city  and  the  surrounding  country  for  a  distance  of  ninety  miles. 
This  will  give  a  general  idea  of  the  geographical  situation;  the  Kocky  Mountains 
extending  along  the  east;  the  Cerrillos,  Placers,  and  Sandias rising  beyond  each  other 
to  the  south,  and  the  great  ranges  far  beyond  the  Rio  Grande  fringing  the  western 
horizon.     For  a  special  description  and  history  of  the  Fort,  see  separate  sketch. 

It  can  be  reached  on  foot  either  from  Palace  Avenue  or  Washington  Avenue,  or 
directly  eastward  from  the  Palace  Hotel.  An  excellent  carriage  road  has  been  built 
from  Washington  Avenue,  just  north  of  the  Exhibition  Grounds.  An  observatory  is 
erected  on  the  summit,  the  top  of  which  is  320  feet  above  the  Plaza. 

2.  Xlie  Palace. — This  building  occupies  the  entire  northern  side  of  the 
Plaza,  and  is  by  far  the  most  interesting  edifice,  historically,  in  the  United  States. 
A  separate  sketch  is  devoted  to  this  building. 

3,  Tlie  Pla^a* — This  park,  according  to  the  universal  custom  in  Spanish- 
American  towns,  occupies  the  centre  of  the  city.  Around  it  cluster  the  most  import- 
ant business  houses,  as  well  as  the  Palace  and  other  points  of  historic  interest.  Down 
to  the  American  occupation  it  was  an  open  square,  without  trees  ;  filled  with  wagons, 
horses,  burros,  etc.,  and  the  scene  of  a  large  proportion  of  tlie  business  of  the  town. 
Here  came,  each  year,  the  great  caravans  of  the  traders  of  the  Santa  Fe  Trail,  amid 
the  greatest  excitement.  Into  this  Plaza,  in  1591,  Onate  marched  with  his  banners 
flying;  and  on  the  16th  of  December,  1693,  the  people  were  drawn  up,  the  men  on 
one  side  and  the  women  on  the  other,  to  witness  the  triumphal  entry  of  Vargas.  On 
this  latter  occasion  the  troops  marched  in  first,  then  opened  ranks  for  the  priests  to 
pass  through,  and  the  latter,  on  reaching  the  center  of  the  square,  where  the  Pueblo 
Indians  had  erected  a  great  cross,  knelt  down,  chanted  the  Litany,  and  then  sung  the 
Te  Deum. 

In  1846  almost  the  first  act  of  Gen.  Kearney  on  entering  the  city  was  to  cause  a 
flag  pole  100  feet  in  height  to  be  erected  here,  and  the  stars  and  stripes  flung  to  the 
breeze  from  its  summit. 

The  Plaza  is  now  a  place  of  beauty  and  refreshment.  The  bright  green  alfalfa 
beneath,  the  waving  branches  of  the  cottonwoods  overhead,  the  Monument  teaching 
its  lessons  of  patriotism  and  gratitude  in  the  centre,  the  fountains  filling  the  air  with 
brilliant  spray,  the  strains  of  music  from  the  military  band  in  the  Pagoda,  the  seats 
covered  with  people  of  nearly  every  nationality,  including  the  European,  the  African, 
the  Mongolian,  and  the  Indian ;  all  these  things  unite  to  make  it  a  charming  and 
attractive  place. 


i 


Santa  Fe.  11 

4.  Xlie  Soldiers'  Monument,  in  the  Plaza,  was  erected  by  the  Leg- 
islature of  the  Territory  in  honor  of  the  soldiers  who  died  in  the  battles  of  the  rebel- 
lion and  those  against  the  Indians.     The  inscriptions  on  it  are : — 

East. — "  Erected  by  the  People  of  New  Mexico,  through  their  Legislatures  of 
1866-7-8.     May  the  Union  be  perpetual." 

South.—"  To  the  Heroes  of  the  Federal  Army  who  fell  at  the  battle  of  Valverde, 
fought  with  the  rebels  February  21,  1862." 

West.—"  To  the  Heroes  of  the  Federal  Army  who  fell  at  the  battles  of  Cafion  del 
Apache  and  Pigeon's  Rancho  (La  Glorieta),  fought  w^ith  the  rebels  March  28,  1862, 
and  to  those  who  fell  at  the  battle  fought  with  the  rebels  at  Peralta,  April  15,  1862." 

North. — "  To  the  Pleroes  who  have  fallen  in  the  various  battles  with  savage  In- 
dians in  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico." 

5.  Tlie  Catliedral  of  St.  KranciS.— This  stands  at  the  east  end  of 
San  Francisco  street,  and  is  the  most  conspicuous  structure  in  the  city.  A  separate 
description  is  devoted  to  it. 

6.  St.  Vincent  Hospital.— This  joins  the  Cathedral  grounds  to  the 
north,  and  is  a  large  and  imposing  edifice.  The  new  building  was  finished  in  1882 
and  the  ornamental  fence  around  the  grounds  erected  in  1883.  It  is  the  only  Jiospi- 
tal  of  any  importance  in  the  Territory,  and  by  an  act  of  the  legislature,  receives  $400 
a  month  from  the  public  treasury  for  the  support  of  indigent  persons  requiring  med- 
ical aid  or  nursing.     It  is  under  the  charge  of  the  Sisters  of  Charity. 

7.  Cliurcll  of  tlie  Holy  Faitll  (BpiSCOpal)  is  situated  on  Palace 
Avenue,  on  the  high  ground  which  is  now  the  most  fashionable  locality  for  building 
residences.  It  is  a  tasteful  structure  of  stone,  erected  in  1882.  The  memorial  win- 
dow in  it,  representing  St.  Agnes,  is  said  to  be  the  finest  specimen  of  stained  glass  in 
the  Southwest. 

8.  Arcll-t>isllOp'S  Garden.— South  of  the  cathedral  on  the  easterly 
side  of  the  street  leading  to  the  river,  are  the  buildings  long  familiar  to  both  resi- 
dents and  strangers  as  the  residence  of  Arch-bishop  Lamy.  Behind  the  houses  is  a 
beautiful  garden  which  he  expended  many  years  and  much  money  in  bringing  to 
perfection.  Trees  of  all  kinds  are  here  found  growing  luxuriantly,  and  producing 
fruit  of  almost  unequalled  size  and  quality.  One  special  attraction  in  this  garden  is 
a  pond  filled  with  choice  fish,  and  containing  several  islands  connected  by  rustic 
bridges. 

A  number  of  other  gardens  and  orchards  are  found  in  the  city,  any  of  which  are 
well  worthy  of  a  visit ;  the  extreme  smoothness  of  bark  and  thriftiness  of  fruit-trees 
in  this  vicinity  being  a  special  subject  of  remark.  -The  grounds  of  W.  H.  Mander- 
field  are  particularly  noticeable. 

9.  Xhe  Academy  of  Our  Lrady  of  I^iglit.— This  and  the  other 
buildings  belonging  to  the  Sisters  of  Loreto,  are  situated  on  the  street  leading  from 
the  east  of  the  Plaza  across  the  Santa  F^  River.  The  Academy  is  a  large  building 
surrounded  by  a  cupalo,  built  in  1881,  and  of  imposing  appearance.  This  Sisters' 
School  was  established  in  1852  by  Sister  M.  Magdalen  Hayden,  who  for  thirty  years 
was  the  Superior,  and  under  whom  a  whole  generation  was  educated.  About  twenty- 
five  boarders  and  300  day  scholars  are  taught  here. 

10.  The  Sisters'  Chapel  adjoins  the  Academy,  and  is  a  beautiful 
stone  edifice,  tasteful  in  every  respect.  Near  the  entrance  will  be  observed  a  curious 
white  marble  tablet  representing  Our  Lady  of  Light.  This  was  originally  in  the 
church  on  the  south  side  of  the  Plaza. 

Immediately  to  the  south  are  the  buildings  in  which  the  Sisters  reside.     This 

c'demy  is  the  mother  institution  of  the  Sisters  of  Loreto  in  the  Territory,  other 

educational  establishments  having  subsequently  been  established  by  them  at  Taos, 


ESTABLISHED  1874. 


*'OLD  FILIGREE," 

THE  JEWELER 

O  F 

New  Mexico  and  Arizona — Santa  Fe,  Silver  City,  N. 
AL,  and  Tucson,  A.  T. 


MANUFACTURER    OF 


NaliTe  Filigree,  Golfl,  and  Silver  Jewelry. 


Carries  the  largest  stock  to  be  found  in  the 
South-west.  Has  the  cream  of  all  that  is  beautiful 
in  the  Filigree  line,  and  sells  at  Prices  which  defy 
competition.  Strangers  and  Tourists,  whether 
wishing  to  purchase  or  not,  are  cordially  invited  to 
call  at  the 

PALACE  PARLORS. 

the  most  elegant  Jewelry  Establishment  in  the  City. 


Il 


San  Francisco  Street, 

NTA  FE.  -  -  NEW  MEXICO. 


12  Santa  Fe. 

Mora,  Las  Vegas,  Bernallillo,  Socorro,  and  Las  Cruces  in  New  Nexico,   and   at  San 
Elizario  in  Texas. 

II.  Cliurcll  of  San  Mig-uel.— This  Church,  so  celebrated  for  its  an 
tiquity,  is  situated  on  the  same  street,  after  crossing  the  river.  It  is  about  74  feet 
long,  by  30  feet  wide,  and  35  feet  in  height.  The  walls  are  of  adobe,  and  the  roof, 
like  those  of  all  the  older  churches,  is  made  of  vigas  supported  by  carved  timbers  at 
each  end,  the  whole  being  covered  with  boards  and  about  twelve  inches  of  closely 
packed  earth.  In  this  Church  only  two  of  the  ancient  square  vigas  remain,  the  oth- 
ers having  been  replaced  by  newer  round  ones.  The  Church  is  supposed  to  have  been 
built  originally  very  shortly  after  the  year  1600,  or  possibly  even  a  year  or  two  before, 
in  the  time  of  Ofiate.  In  the  Pueblo  revolution  of  1680  it  was,  to  a  great  extent, 
destroyed,  although  it  is  believed  that  the  walls  still  standing  are  partly  those  of  the 
original  edifice.  History  records  that  in  December,  1693,  soon  after  the  reconquest 
by  Vargas,  a  number  of  men  were  sent  to  the  mountains  to  cut  timber  for  the  repair 
of  this  Church,  but  that  they  returned  in  a  few  days  without  accomplishing  their  ob- 
ject, on  account  of  the  extreme  cold.  From  this  it  would  appear  that  the  walls  were 
standing,  as  large  timber  could  only  be  needed  for  the  vigas.  The  entire  rebuilding 
of  the  Church  was  completed  in  1710,  as  appears  from  the  inscription  still  plainly 
legible  on  the  great  square  viga  near  the  west  end  of  the   building,  which   reads : — 

"  El  Senor  Marquez  de  la  Penuela  hiza  esta  fabrica,  el  Alferes  Real  Don  Agustin 
Flores  Vergara,  su  criado.     Ano  de  1710." 

"  The  Marquis  de  la  Penuela  erected  this  building.  The  Royal  Ensign  Don 
Agustin  Flores  Vergara,  his  servant.     The  year  1710." 

Over  the  altar  is  a  painting  of  St.  Michael  and  the  Dragon ;  the  other  two  princi- 
pal pictures  in  the  chancel  being  of  the  Annunciation." 

12,  San  Mig'uel  Colleg^e. — This  flourishing  institution  is  in  charge 
of  the  Christian  Brothers,  who  have  not  only  succeeded  in  erecting  a  noble  building, 
but  also  in  imparting  a  high  degree  of  scholarship  to  their  gratuates.  The  College 
is  three  stories  high  and  surrounded  by  a  high  and  lofty  cupola,  from  which  a  very 
fine  view  of  the  city  is  to  be  had.  The  main  building  is  160x26  feet,  and  the  wings, 
when  finished,  will  make  an  important  addition.  This  school  has  nearly  100  board- 
ers and  a  large  number  of  day  scholars.  The  Christian  Brothers,  who  are  devoted 
entirely  to  education,  were  founded  in  1770,  and  now  number  13,000  members. 

13,  Xlie  Old  Pueblo  House.— The  oldest  house  in  the  City,  which  is 
said  to  date  back  beyond  the  time  of  the  Spanish  conquest,  and  to  be  the  only 
remaining  representative  of  the  original  Pueblo  dwellings,  is  situated  just  north  of 
the  San  Miguel  church,  across  a  narrow  street.  The  house  is  two  stories  high — the 
second  story  being  very  low,  and  the  floor  between  the  upper  and  lower  rooms  being 
made  of  adobe.  The  building  is  now  thirty  feet  long  and  was  originally  twice  that 
size  ;  but  a  few  years  ago  the  upper  story  of  the  eastern  portion  fell.  The  first  story 
is  eight  feet  high  and  the  second  six  feet.  One-half  of  the  house  belongs  to  the 
family  of  Manuela  Armenta  and  the  other  to  that  of  Ularia  Ensiiias. 

14,  The  South  Side  Streets.— The  tourist  wishing  to  see  real  Mexi- 
can life  of  the  average  type  will  find  it  best  exemplified  in  the  streets  running  par- 
allel to  the  river  on  the  south  side.  Everything  here  has  such  a  fo  reign  aspect  that 
it  is  difficult  to  realize  that  one  is  within  the  limits  of  the  United  States.  The  streets 
are  very  narrow  and  irregular— some  houses  projecting  much  beyond  the  others. 
The  houses  themselves  are  all  of  adobe,  one  story  high,  and  generally  built  around  a 
placita,  or  else  with  a  kind  of  a  court  in  front.  While  not  prepossessing  outside,  a 
glimpse  through  any  door  will  reveal  an  interior  of  extreme  neatness  and  comfort, 
while  the  flowering  plants  on  the  broad  window-sills  tell  of  the  taste  of  those  dwelling 
within. 


Santa  Fe.  13 

15.  Xlie  University  of  Xe^w  Mexico.— In  the  midst  of  the  new- 
part  of  the  city  near  the"  depot  stands  a  massive  and  conspicuous  brick  structure 
which  is  the  home  of  the  first  Protestant  College  established  in  New  Mexico.  This 
building  is  called  Whitin  Hall,  after  the  family  of  Mr.  Whitin,  of  Massachusetts,  who 
were  liberal  benefactors  of  the  University.  The  corner-stone  of  the  Hall  was  laid 
October  21,  1882 ;  Judge  Prince  being  President,  and  Wm.  M.  Berger  Secretary  of 
the  Trustees,  and  Professor  H.  O.  Ladd,  President  of  the  Faculty. 

16.  XUe  Cong^reSfational  Cliurcll  stands  near  the  University,  and 
is  a  neat  structure  of  brick. 

17.  Cliurcll  of  Our  I^ady  of  Guadalupe.— This  church,  dedi- 
cated to  the  Patroness  of  the  Mexican  people,  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  places  to 
be  visited  in  the  city,  and  is  made  the  subject  of  a  separate  description. 

18.  The  Metliodist  Cliurcll  is  situated  on  the  north  side  of  the 
river  on  lower  San  Francisco  street,  and  is  a  neat  building  of  adobe  ;  stuccoed. 

19.  Xlie  "  Rosario''  Cliapel,  or  Church  of  Our  Lady  of  the  Kosary, 
.s  still  farther  west  on  the  outskirts  of  the  town,  and  is  only  used  for  funerals  or  on 
special  days  throughout  the  year.  On  the  second  Sunday  after  Trinity  each  year,  an 
immense  procession  containing  sometimes  nearly  2,500  persons,  proceeds  from  the 
Cathedral  to  this  church  carrying  an  image  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  which  is  returned 
after  twelve  days.  On  the  right  side  of  the  body  of  the  church  is  a  large  painting 
of  Our  Lady  of  Guadulupe ;  and  over  the  altar  is  a  smaller  picture  of  the  Holy 
Family. 

20.  Xlie  Military  Cemetery  almost  adjoins  the  Kosario  Church,  and 
contains  the  graves  of  a  large  number  of  soldiers  who  have  died  in  the  service  in 
New  Mexico. 

21.  Xlie  Military  Quarter  embraces  all  of  that  part  of  the  city  between 
the  Plaza  and  Palace  Avenue,  on  the  south,  and  the  State  House  property,  on  the 
north,  except  the  Palace  itself.  The  residence  •  of  the  commanding  officer  is  on 
Washington  Avenue,  and  six  houses  for  other  officers  occupy  most  of  the  square  be- 
tween Lincoln  and  Grant  Avenues.     These  are  generally  occupied  by  the  District  Staflf. 

22.  Xlie  Military  Headquarters  are  at  the  north-west  corner  of 
the  Plaza,  and  contain  the  offices  of  the  Commanding  General,  the  Adjutant  General, 
Quartermaster,  Commissary,  Paymasters,  and  all  the  other  officials  of  the  Military 
District. 

23.  Xlie  Military  Post,  which  is  still  officially  called  "  Fort  Marcy,"  is 
to  the  north  of  the  officers'  quarters,  and  extends  to  the  Capitol  Grounds.  Here  are 
the  quarters  of  the  troops  which  form  the  garrison,  or  are  temporarily  stationed  here, 
the  residences  of  the  officers  of  the  Post,  etc.  The  regular  "  guard-mounting  "  every 
morning  attracts  many  visitors. 

24.  Xlie  Presbyterian  Cliurcll  is  a  tasteful  brick  edifice  standing 
on  a  conspicuous  triangle  immediately  west  of  the  Military  Quarter. 

25.  Xlie  Capitol  Square  and  Building:. — The  square  immedi- 
ately north  of  the  Military  Quarter  was  selected  many  years  ago  for  the  capitol  of 
the  present  Territory  and  future  State.  A  large  and  substantial  building  was  com- 
menced and  considerable  appropriations  expended  upon  it,  the  work  having  been 
begun  in  1859.  When  the  Internal  Revenue  tax  was  inaugurated,  about  1862,  the 
Congressional  Delegate  relinquished  the  appropriation  to  complete  the  building,  in 
return  for  temporary  exemption  from  that  species  of  taxation ;  and  so  the  building 
stood  in  ah  unfinished  condition  for  over  twenty  years,  until  the  Tertio-Millennial 
Directors  floored  and  roofed  it,  and  made  it  very  useful  for  the  purposes  of  the  great" 
historic  celebration  of  1883. 


I 


E.  D.  FRANZ, 


WHOLESALE    A.N1)    RETAIL    DEALER    IN 


QardiVare^   Q iieen,^Warej 


BO^OVRS. 


AND  HOUSE-FURNISHING  GOODS, 


GUNS,  PISTOLS,  AMMUNITION, 


-AND- 


Miners'Tools,Wao:on  Sheets  and  Tents. 


All  kinds  of  Tin,  Copper,  and  Sheet-iron  work  made  to  order.  Tin  Roofing  a 
specialty.  Agents  for  Diipont's  Powders  and  the  Celebrated  Bridge,  Beach  &  Co.'s 
Stoves,  McCormick's  Mowers  and  Reapers. 


San  Francisco  Street,  SANTA  FE,  NTM. 


G.  CUNNINGHAM, 

Real  Estate  and  Live  Stock  Broker, 

LAS  VEGAS,  N.  M. 


Grants,  Ranches,  Cattle,  Sheep  and  Horses 

for    Sale. 

H.  W.  WYMAN, 
Wholesale    Liquor   Dealer, 


McBRYEB, 

O.F.  C.  TAYLOR, 

and 

M.HUME 

A^HISKIES. 


Budweiser  Beer 


WINES, 

CHAMPAGNES, 

and 

MINERAL 

VITATERS. 


Imported  and  Domestic  Cigars, 

East  Las  Vegas,  -  -  -  -  New  Mexico. 

H.  ROMERA  &  BROS., 

The  Largest  and  Finest 

RY  Goods  House 

IN   THE   TERRITORY. 

TV^holesale    and    [Retail. 


.  E.  COR.  PLAZA,  -  -  LAS  VEGAS,  N.  M. 

I 


14  Santa  Fe. 

26.  Xlie  Cemetery  of  Odd  Fello^ws  and  Masons,  while 
belonging  to  these  organizations,  yet  through  their  courtesy,  has  been  used  by  many 
others  for  a  long  time.  It  contains  monuments  to  many  of  Santa  Fe's  best  known 
citizens,  including  a  number  of  high  government  officials. 

27*  l^lie  Garita,  or  old  Mexican  powder  magazine,  is  on  the  hill  north- 
east of  the  above  cemetery ;  and  one  of  the  objects  of  historic  interest  that  should 
not  be  overlooked.  It  is  described  in  tlie  separate  sketch  of  Ft.  Marcy,  as  it  is  on 
the  road  to  that  point. 

28.  Xlie  Old  Cemetery  and  Cliapel,  on  "  the  Loma,"  are  likewise 
on  that  road,  and  have  mention  in  that  sketch.     The  Chapel  was  built  about  1834. 

29.  Xlie  Santa  Ke  Academy  is  immediately  west  of  the  old  Cem- 
etery, and  though  an  unpretentious  building,  is  a  successful  educational  establish- 
ment. The  property  belongs  to  the  "  Educational  Association  of  New  Mexico,"  but 
the  school  is  temporarily  under  Presbyterian  control. 

30.  The  Historical  Society  Rooms.— These  are  on  Washington 
Avenue  between  the  Plaza  and  the  Palace  Hotel.  The  Historical  Society  is  a  terri- 
torial institution  of  recent  establishment,  and  only  obtained  a  "local  habitation"  in 
May,  1883.  Since  that  time  its  collections  have  rapidly  increased ;  and  with  its 
magnificent  field  of  labor,  it  cannot  fail  to  be  a  most  important  institution  in  a  brief 
time.  The  rooms  are  open  at  almost  all  hours  and  strangers  are  always  welcome. 
Many  relics  and  antiquities,  pictures  of  leading  men  and  places  in  the  Territory, 
a  fine  cabinet. of  mineral  specimens,  etc.,  will  be  found  here. 

31.  Tlie  Board  of  Xrade  Rooms.— These  are  immediately  in  the 
rear  of  the  Historical  Rooms  and  connected  with  them.  They  are  comfortably  fur- 
nished and  visitors  are  always  welcome.  Here  will  be  found  the  register  of  visitors 
to  the  Denver  Exposition  of  1882;  and  guests  are  all  cordially  invited  to  leave  their 
autographs  in  the  same  book. 

32.  Xlie  Bureau  of  Immigration.— This  is  an  official  Territorial 
institution,  intended  to  afford  information  to  visitors  and  prospective  settlers.  In  its 
rooms  can  be  obtained  pamphlets  relating  to  New  Mexico  at  large,  and  each  separate 
county  ;  and  files  of  papers  are  also  kept. 


These  thirty-two  places  are  all  easy  of  access  and  generallv  open  to  the  public. 
Some  private  houses  contain  interesting  objects  and  antiquities  ;  especially  those  of 
Judge  Prince  and  Secretary  Kitch.  At  the  former,  besides  a  large  collection  of 
books  on  New  Mexico,  of  stone  implements  and  antique  pictures,  is  a  painting  of  St. 
Catharine  executed  by  Zurbaran,  the  Spanish  Painter-Royal,  in  1633,  at  Madrid ; 
and  at  the  latter,  besides  other  rare  works,  will  be  found  a  copy  of  Lord  Kings- 
borough's  famous  work  on  Mexican  Antiquities,  and  of  Hakluyt's  Voyages. 

In  presenting  this  list  of  some  of  the  places  of  interest  in  Santa  F^,  as  well  as  in 
the  descriptions  of  other  towns,  we  have  purposely  omitted  allusion  to  any  of  the 
stores  ;  because,  unless  all  were  described,  such  mention  would  be  invidious.  Suffice 
it  to  say  that  nothing  so  much  astonishes  the  average  Eastern  traveller  as  to  visit 
one  of  the  great  wholesale  houses,  and  see  the  enormous  stock  of  goods  carried  and 
the  space  occupied.  The  filagree  jewelry  stores  and  curiosity  shops  always  attract, 
the  attention  of  tourists,  as  they  should.  No  one  should  leave  New  Mexico  without 
seeing  the  skillful  Mexican  jewellers  at  work  with  their  delicate  threads  of  gold  and 
silver,  o'-  without  buying  a  few  souvenirs  in  the  way  of  Pueblo  pottery,  skins,  rugs 
blankets,  and  antiquities,  never  omitting  a  piece  of  amole,  or  soap-root,  and  a  package 
of  pifions. 


I 


Santa  Fe.  15 


THE  PALACE 


This  building,  while  unpretentious  in  its  architecture  and  appearance,  yet 
unquestionably  possesses  more  historic  interest  than  any  other  in  the  coun- 
try. Its  history  is  largely  that  of  the  town,  and  many  points  of  interest  connected 
with  it  have  been  touched  upon  in  the  sketch  of  historical  events  relating  to 
Santa  Fe.  No  tourist  should  fail  to  visit  it,  and  especially  to  observe  the  ex- 
treme thickness  (over  five  feet)  of  some  of  the  old  walls.  No  one  can  tell  how  many 
scenes  of  revelry  and  gaiety,  or  of  gloom  and  suffering  this  structure  has  seen.  Here 
was  the  reception  room  of  the  governor,  and  here  the  dungeon  of  the  state  prisoner  ; 
here  expeditions  were  arranged,  and  here  conspiracies  were  planned.  For  years  the 
Captain-General  was  practically  an  autocrat;  for  while  an  appeal  could  be  taken  in 
some  cases  from  his  action,  yet  Mexico  and  Madrid  were  so  distant  that  it  was  gener- 
ally of  little  avail. 

While  certain  parts  of  the  building  have  varied  in  their  uses,  yet  the  portion 
now  occupied  as  a  Governor's  residence  has  been  so  from  time  immemorial.  Before 
the  American  occupation,  the  extreme  west  end  of  the  building  was  used  as  a  jail; 
next  came  the  quarters  of  the  regular  guard ;  then  a  room  devoted  to  the  Guard  of 
Honor  of  Gov.  Armijo,  and  then  came  the  Governor's  residence  and  office.  The 
room  in  which  Governor  Alencaster  received  Pike,  in  1807,  and  that  in  which  Gov. 
Armijo  received  the  envoy  of  Kearney,  in  1846,  is  to  the  east  of  the  Governor's 
entrance ;  east  of  that  were  the  various  government  offices,  prominent  among  them 
til  at  of  the  Commissary.  Every  room  has  its  history,  but  space  forbids  their  full 
enumeration  here. 


OLD  FORT  MARCY 


Is  situated  on  a  high  hill  a  short  distance  northeast  of  the  Palace  Hotel,  and  the 
view  from  the  summit  is  the  finest  to  be  obtained  in  the  vicinity  of  the  city.  His- 
torically this  is  a  place  of  great  interest,  as  a  moment's  observation  will  show  that  it 
is  a  commanding  military  position,  and  that  the  army  in  possession  of  the  hill  con- 
trols the  city.  In  the  frequent  wars  between  the  native  nations  before  the  coming  of 
the  Spaniards,  this  was  no  doubt  the  scene  of  many  a  warlike  encampment,  and 
when,  in  1680,  the  Pueblos  revolted  against  the  Spanish  rule,  this  hill  was  occupied 
by  the  Indian  forces  under  Pop^,  on  August  11,  1680,  and  the  city  besieged  for  nine 
days,  when  the  Spaniards  were  obliged  to  evacuate  it  and  march  towards  El  Paso. 
On  the  16th  of  December,  1693,  Vargas  re-entered  Santa  F^  with  his  army  and  a 
number  of  families  and  settlers,  but  instead  of  occupying  the  houses  they  encamped 
for  some  days  on  the  hills  just  north  of  the  town,  a  portion  of  them  probably  being 
on  Ft.  Marcy  hill.  Here  they  stayed  until  the  day  after  Christmas,  when  the  Tanos 
Indians,  having  refused  to  give  up  their  quarters  around  the  Plaza,  the  Spaniards 
made  an  assault  on  the  town,  and  after  a  most  desperate  struggle  succeeded  in  taking 
possession  of  it  on  December  27th.  Through  all  tlie  operations  down  to  the  final 
pacification,  this  commanding  hill  was   a  prominent  position,   and  saw  many   an 

fampment  and  many  a  council  fire. 
When  the  American  army  under  Gen.  Kearney  came  in  1846,  taking  Santa  Fe 
on  August  18th,  one  of  the  first  matters  that  was  undertaken  was  the  erection  of  a 
fortress  to  command  the  city.  The  site  of  Ft.  Marcy  was  chosen,  and  Lieut.  Gilmer, 
of  the  topographical  corps,  and  L.  A.  Mac  Lean,  a  member  of  Capt.  Reid's  company 
of  Missouri  Volunteers,  were  appointed  to  superintend  the  construction.  It  was 
built  by  details  of  volunteers  who  complained  grievously  of  having  to  do  this  labor- 
>U8  work,  when  they  had  simply  entered  the  army  to  fight.     In  shape  it  was  a 


Wholesale  and  Retail 


Guns,  Pistols  and  Ammunition, 

CLOTHINI},  BOOTS,  SHOES,  MTU  CAPS, 

JEWELRY  AND  MUSICAL  INSTRUMENTS, 

Stationery,  Books  and  Notions. 


Constantly  on^hand  the  largest  stock  and  assortment 

of  fine 

CHINA  and  {1LA8SWAM, 
Hardware,  Harness  and  Saddlery, 

LOOKING  fiLASSES,  PAINTINGS,  CHROMOS, 
to^be  found  in  the  Territory. 


Dealers  in  Second-Hand  Goods. 


San  Francisco  Street, 

SANTA  FE,  -  -  NEW  MEXICO. 


16  Santa  Fe. 

irregular  tri-decagou,  large  enough  to  accommodate  a  thousand  troops  and  mount 
many  cannon.  Its  walls  were  massively  built  of  adobes,  and  it  was  named  in  honor 
of  the  then  Secretary  of  War,  Wm.  L.  Marcy.  Behind  the  Fort  was  a  block-house, 
the  ruins  of  which  are  yet  very  distinct.  A  plan  of  the  Fort  is  found  in  Hughes' 
Doniphan's  Expedition,  page  89.  The  height  of  the  Fort  above  the  Plaza  is  291 
feet. 

On  the  way  to  Fort  Marcy  from  Washington  Avenue,  you  pass  several  historic 
spots.  The  adobe  building  with  two  bastions  at  the  corners,  on  the  first  hill  south  of 
the  Academy,  is  the  old  "Garita,"  used  for  very  many  years  by  the  Mexican 
authorities  as  a  depository  of  powder  for  their  army.  The  small  square  house  near 
it  is  the  Guard  House  used  in  protecting  the  Garita.  On  the  west  side  of  the  Garita, 
close  to  the  wall,  the  four  leaders  of  the  revolution  of  1837 — Desiderio  Montoya,  An- 
tono  Abad  Montoya,  Gen.  Chopon,  and  Alcalde  Esquibel,  were  executed  by  command 
of  Gen.  Armljo,  after  sentence  by  court-martial,  in  January,  1838.  They  were  made 
to  kneel  in  a  row  close  to  the  wall,  and  the  soldiers  appointed  to  shoot  them  were 
drawn  up  in  a  line  in  the  road  below.     A  little  further  on  we  come  to  the 


THE  OLD  CEMETERY  AND  RUINED  CHAPEL, 

which  for  many  years  prior  to  the  American  occupation  were  in  use  by  the  Mexicans. 
The  cemetery  was  enclosed  by  a  substantial  adobe  wall,  but  all  now  in  ruins. 


THE  NEW  CATPIEDRAL. 

The  Cathedral  now  being  erected  is  by  far  the  largest  and  most  expensive 
church  in  the  Territory.  It  is  built  in  the  French  style  of  architecture,  of  a  Jight 
brown  stone,  with  two  towers  in  front.  Its  erection  was  commenced  in  1869,  on 
July  24th,  but  was  suspended  at  one  time  for  nearly  five  years,  on  account  of  lack  of 
funds.  Archbishop  of  Lamy  has  been  indefatigable  in  pushing  on  the  great  work  to 
completion,  and  has  devoted  much  of  his  private  means,  as  well  as  many  oflferings 
from  friends  in  France,  to  the  purpose.     It  is  being  built  around  the 


THE  OLD  CATHEDRAL 

Of  San  Francisco,  which  was  the  Parish  Church  until  Santa  F^  was  made  the 
residence  of  a  Bishop,  about  1850.  This  old  church  is  of  adobe,  and  contains  many 
objects  of  interest.  In  shape  it  is  cruciform,  like  nearly  all  the  large  churches 
in  New  Mexico.  The  most  striking  object  within  it  is  the  great  Reredos,  behind  the 
altar,  made  of  native  stone  carved  in  relief,  which  extends  across  the  entire  width  of 
the  chancel  recess,  and  reaches  to  the  eaves  of  the  building.  This  bears  two  inscrip- 
tions in  ovals,  reading  as  follows  : 

"A  devocion  de  Seiior  Don  Francisco  Antonio  Marin  del  Valle,  Gobernador 
y  Capitan  General  de  este  Reino."  J 

"  Y  de  su  esposa  Maria  Ygnacia  Martinez  de  Ugarte,  1761."  ^ 

It  is  in  three  sections,  with  carved  arabesque  columns  between  them,  the  whole 
being  painted  in  appropriate  colors.  In  the  centre  is  a  large,  life  sized  statue ;  and 
above  that  a  relief  of  St.  James  on  horseback  killing  turbaned  Saracens.  Over  that, 
crowning  the  whole  reredos,  is  a  representation  of  St.  Joseph,  and  of  the  Virgin  and 
Child. — On  the  north  side  are  two  carved  pictures  in  stone  relief, — of  St.  Anthony  of 
Padua,  with  the    Holy   Child,  and  a  tree;  and  of  St.  Ignacius,  with  a  book    an< 


I 


.  Santa  Fe.  -[J 

standard.  Opposite  these  are  St.  John  Nepomuceno,  with  cross  and  palm,  and 
St.  Francis  Xavier  baptizing  Indians,  the  water  being  poured  from  a  shell.  Taken 
altogether,  this  reredos  is  the  most  extraordinary  piece  of  sculpture  in  the  Territory. 
It  was  originally  in  the  church  of  Our  Lady  of  Light,  on  the  Plaza. 

Opposite  the  chancel,  and  facing  the  aitar  (which  is  itself  well  worthy  of  notice 
for  the  beauty  of  its  metallic  workmanship)  are  two  very  large  paintings,  made  to 
match  each  other,  one  being  of  San  Francisco,  and  one  of  San  Antonio  de  Padua. 
Each  is  surrounded  by  cherubs. 

The  chapel  to  the  south  is  that  of  San  Jose.  In  this  are  a  number  of  beautiful 
and  valuable  pictures.  Over  the  altar  the  large  picture  is  St.  Joseph,  and  under- 
neath that,  is  a  statuette  of  the  same  Saint,  crowned,  and  with  the  Infant  Christ, — On 
the  right  the  upper  picture  is  also  of  St.  Joseph,  then  comes  a  narrow  portrait  of  a 
monk,  and  below  that  one  of  St.  Augustine  v/earing  a  bishop's  mitre.  On  the 
opposite  side  are  pictures  of  the  Good  Samaritan,  of  a  Saint  in  penitential  robes,  and 
of  a  Franciscan  Friar. 

On  each  side  of  the  altar  is  a  life-size  image,  made  of  wood,  one  being  of  Our 
Lord  crowned  with  thorns,  the  other  of  St.  John  the  Apostle. 

On  the  left  is  a  large  picture  of  Our  Lady  of  Carmel  aiding  suffering  beings  in 
purgatory,  another  of  the  crucifixion,  and  modern  paintings  of  Our  Lady  of  Sorrows, 
and  "  Ecce  Homo."  Opposite  are  pictures  of  the  Virgin  and  Child,  and  of  the 
Kesurrection. 

On  the  north  side  is  the  Chapel  of  the  Blessed  Virgin,  also  containing  many 
interesting  works  of  art.  On  each  side  of  the  altar  is  a  life  size  figure  of  a  female 
saint,  the  one  on  the  right  in  bright  colors,  and  that  on  the  left  in  black.  Over  the 
altar  is  an  image  of  the  Virgin  clothed  in  rich  silk  vestments,  above  which  is  a 
picture  of  the  Madonna,  and  beneath  an  "  Ecce  Homo."  On  the  left  and  right  are 
paintings  of  the  Assumption  of  the  Virgin  and  of  St.  Joseph,  companion  pieces,  and 
between  them  and  the  altar  smaller  pictures  representing  two  female  saints.  On  the 
right  side  of  the  chapel,  as  you  approach  the  altar,  are  pictures  of  the  Virgin  stand- 
ing on  the  new  moon;  of  the  Crucifixion,  St.  John,  the  Virgin,  and  Mary  Magdalen 
being  at  the  foot  of  the  cross;  and  of  the  Holy  Family,  with  a  representation  of 
purgatory  below.  On  the  opposite  side  is  a  very  large  picture  of  the  Holy  Family. 
In  the  body  of  the  church  are  the  usual  "Stations  of  the  Cross,"  of  large  size,  and 
on  the  north  side  a  niche  containing  an  image  of  Christ  in  the  Tomb,  used  in  the 
ceremonies  between  Good  Friday  and  Easter.  Over  the  chancel  are  three  stained 
glass  windows,  with  figures  representing  St.  Francis,  St.  Joseph,  and  the  Immaculate 
Conception. 

In  the  sacristy,  is  a  most  admirable  painting  of  Ojur  Lord  ;  and  a  statue  in  wood 
and  enamel  of  San  Antonio  de  Padua,  of  Spanisjh  origin,  eighteen  inches  high,  and 
similar  in  style  to  those  at  Santa  Cruz  and  the  Guadalupe  Church.  In  the  same 
place  is  a  large  image  of  the  Santo  Nino  Conquistador. 


THE  CHURCH  OF  OUR  LADY  OF  GUADULUPE 

Is  situated  on  the  south  side  of  the  river,  not  very  far  from  the  railroad  depot.  It  is 
massively  built  of  adobe,  cruciform  in  shape,  and,  until  recently,  was  surmounted  by 
a  tower  containing  several  bells  made  of  native  New  Mexican  copper. 

For  a  number  of  years  prior  to  1882  this  church  was  very  little  used,  except  on 
the  Festival  of  Our  Lady  of  Guadulupe  (December  12th) ;  but  was  a  favorite  spot  for 
the  antiquarian  and  the  tourist,  as  it  was  full  of  curious  and  interesting  paintings 
d  other  articles,  some  of  which  were  ot  special  value.     But   a  short  time  ago  the 


t 


:T  H  E; 


First  lational  Bank 

OF  LAS  VEGAS,  N.  M. 


Authorized  Capital. 
Paid  in  Capital, 
Surplus  Fund, 


$500,000 

100,000 

25,O00 


OFFICERS: 
Jefferson  Reynolds,  President. 

Geo.  J.  DiNKEL,  Vice.-President. 

Joshua  S.  Raynolds,  Cashier. 

J.  S.  Bishop,  Assistant  Cashier. 


ASSOCIATE  BANKS : 
Central  Bank,  Albuquerque,  New  Mexico ;  First  National  Bank,  El 

Paso,  Texas. 


CORRESPONDENTS. 


First  National  Bank,  New  York. 
First  National  Bank,  Denver,  Colo. 
First  National  Bank,  Pueblo,  Colo. 
Colorado  National  Bank,  Denver,  Colo. 
Kansas  City  Banks,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Percha  Bank,  Kingston,  New  Mexico. 


First  National  Bank,  Chicago,  Ills. 
First  National  Gold  Bank,  San   Franc  is  c 
First  National  Bank,  Santa  Fe,  N.  M. 
State  Savings  Ass'n  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Bank  of  Deming,  Deming,  New  Mexico. 
Socorro  County  Bank,  Socorro,  N.  M. 


Ketelsen  &  Degatau,  Chihuahua,  Mexico. 


BROWNE  &  MANZANARES, 

LAS  VEGAS,  N.  M., 

BROWNE,  MANZANARES  &  CO., 

SOCORRO,  X.  M.y 

JOBBElR,S, 

AND  WHOLESALE  DEALERS  IN 

General    Merchandise, 

RANCH  SUPPLIES  and  OUTFITTING  GOODS. 

mannfacturer's  Agrenfs  for  the  Best 

TV^a^ons,   Plo^v^s,  Etc., 

AND  OTHER  AGKICLLTCRAL  IMPLEMENTS. 

REPAIRS  and  SUPPLIES, 

MINING    IMPLEMENTS    AND    MATERIALS, 

Blasting  Powder,  High  Explosives,  Fuse,  Caps,  Steel,  Etc., 

FLOUR,  aRA.IN  and  FEED. 

THE  BEST  MARKET  IBT  THE  TERRITORY  FOR 

WOOL  AND  HIDES,  PELTS,  ETC. 

Will  'Supply  the  Wholesale  Trade  with  Staple  Goods  at  as  Low 
Prices  as  can  be  Brought  from  Eastern  Points. 


18  Santa  Fe. 

innovating  spirit  of  the  times  laid  its  hand  on  this  venerable  edifice,  and  regarding 
present  utility  as  more  important  than  antique  interest,  cut  windows  through  the 
massive  walls,  which  bring  a  mid-day  glare  in  place  of  the  old  "  dim,  religious  light  ;'^ 
replaced  the  flat,  earthen  roof  with  a  high  peaked  one  of  shingles ;  built  a  wooden 
spire  of  the  strictest  New  England  meeting-house  pattern  in  the  place  of  the  vener- 
able tower,  and  filled  the  body  of  the  church  with  rows  of  wooden  pews,  covering  the 
ancient  adobe  floor  which  had  been  pressed  by  the  knees  of  the  faithful  devoutly 
bent  in  prayer  for  a  century  and  a  half  of  time.  It  is  now  used  by  the  English- 
speaking  Roman  Catholics. 

The  first  thing  which  strikes  the  visitor  is  the  great  thickness  of  the  massive 
walls ;  and  his  attention  is  next  attracted  by  the  long  rows  of  vigas,  round  and 
smooth,  which  support  the  roof.  Each  vi^ra  is  itself  supported  by  a  timber  at  each 
end,  which,  in  the  style  universal  in  all  the  older  churches  in  the  Territory,  are  all 
elaborately  carved.  These  features  fortunately  could  not  be  removed  by  the  devas- 
tating hand  of  innovation,  and  so  remain  as  enduring  witnesses  to  the  devotion, 
liberality,  and  skill  of  those  who  erected  this  edifice  in  honor  of  the  great  Patroness 
of  the  Mexican  race. 

The  church  contains  some  modern  images  of  more  than  ordinary  excellence,  but 
we  pass  them  by  in  order  to  draw  attention  to  the  paintings,  etc.,  which  give  to  it  its 
special  interest  and  importance. 

Principal  among  these  is  the  great  painting  behind  the  altar,  which  shows  consid- 
erable artistic  skill  besides  being  entirely  appropriate  to  its  position  in  this  particular 
church,  dedicated  to  Nuestra  Seiiora  de  Guadalupe.  This  altar-piece  is  a  very  lai-jje 
picture,  or  rather  group  of  pictures,  about  fourteen  feet  high  by  ten  feet  wide.  It  is 
composed  of  six  paintings  in  all,  two  on  each  side,  one  in  the  center,  and  one  over 
the  center.  The  central  picture  is  the  usual  one  of  Our  Lady  of  Guadulupe,  which, 
of  course,  is  unchangeable,  as  all  are  copies  of  the  original  which  appeared  on  the 
tilma  of  the  shepherd.  Around  this  are  four  pictures  representing  four  scenes  in 
the  story  of  the  Virgin  of  Guadulupe,  The  first  scene  is  on  the  right  hand  above,  rep- 
resenting the  Virgin  appearing  to  the  Shepherd,  Juan  Diego,  and  the  latter  hastening 
to  obey  her  command.  Opposite  to  this  is  the  second  scene,  when  the  Shepherd 
returns  after  being  repulsed  by  the  Bishop  of  Mexico — three  angels  appearing  above 
him.  Below  this,  being  the  lower  left  hand  picture,  is  represented  the  third  scene, 
when  Diego  brings  the  roses  in  his  tilma  at  the  command  of  the  Virgin  ;  and  opposite 
this,  the  fourth  and  last  scene,  where  on  opening  the  tilma  before  the  Bishop,  the 
miraculous  painting  of  Our  Lady  appears.  Above  the  whole  is  a  representation  of 
the  three  persons  of  the  Trinity,  the  Son  being  distinguished  by  the  nail-marks  in  his 
hands. 

The  most  interesting  and  curious  single  picture  in  this  church  is  one  on  a  large 
copper-plate,  28x18  inches,  painted  by  Sebastian  Salcedo  in  1779.  The  frame  is  a 
unique  production  of  art,  having  silver  corners  and  a  silver  ornament  on  each  of  the 
four  sides.  The  painting  itself  is  made  up  of  a  number  of  other  smaller  pictures,  the 
central  one  being  "Our  Lady  of  Guadalupe,"  surrounded  by  angels  and  patriarchs 
presenting  crowns.  Above  her  are  seven  different  scenes  in  the  history  of  her  appear- 
ace  to  Diego;  four  of  them  similar  to  those  in  the  great  altar-picture,  and  three  of 
other  scenes.  Below,  on  the  left,  is  a  portrait  of  Pope  Benedict  XIV.,  and  on  the 
right,  an  emblematic  picture  of  the  Mexican  Empire,  personified  as  a  female.  This 
picture  is  over  the  entrance  to  the  Sacristy. 

There  are  five  paintings  on  canvas,  all  uniform  in  size,  which,  before  the  altera- 
tions to  the  church,  were  upon  its  walls,  and  have  since  been  removed  to  the  Sacristy, 
thus  unfortunately  depriving  the  church  of  its  great  attraction.     These  are    all   of 


Excursions  from  Santa  Fe.  19 

considerable  antiquity,  and  several  of  them  are  very  curious  and  interesting  because 
they  reproduced  the  costumes  of  the  age  in  which  they  were  painted.  They  are  as 
follows : 

1. — Madonna  and  Child.  In  this  the  dress  of  the  Virgin  is  in  the  curious  style 
of  the  Seventeenth  Century  in  Spain,  reminding  one  in  an  exaggerated  form  of  the 
hoop  skirts  of  more  recent  days. 

2. — The  Holy  Family.  This  represents  the  Virgin  and  St.  Joseph  visiting 
St,  Elizabeth ;  the  Infant  Saviour  and  John  the  Baptist  complete  the  picture. 

3. — Our  Lady  of  Guadalupe.     An  old  copy  of  the  celebrated  Mexican  picture. 

4.— Madonna  and  Child.  The  peculiarity  of  this  is  the  curious  flowered  dress  of 
the  Virgin. 

5. — The  Virgin  Mary,  alone.     With  clasped  hands. 

In  the  gallery  is  a  large  and  curious  painting,  in  the  Mexican  style,  of  a  Saint, 
probably  St.  Francis.  The  figure  occupies  all  the  centre  of  the  canvas,  behind  it  is 
a  large  cross,  and  over  the  head  are  two  angels  holding  crowns.  In  the  lower  left 
hand  corner  is  another  angel  presenting  a  crown,  and  on  the  right  side,  opposite,  a 
table  with  a  skull  upon  it.  The  picture  is  far  from  artistic,  and  has  no  pretensions 
to  beauty ;  but  it  is  curious  and  interesting,  and  a  type  of  many  paintings  executed 
in  the  Territory  or  in  Northern  Mexico. 

The  church  contains  two  antique  statuettes,  which  well  exeniplify  the  high  art 
of  Spain,  and  the  crude  American  style  of  a  century  or  two  ago.  The  first  is  one  of 
the  finest  specimens  of  wood  carving,  combined  with  enamel  work,  that  is  to  be  found 
in  the  country.  But  four  others  ol  this  style  are  known  in  the  Territory.  The  one 
in  question  represents  the  Virgin,  standing  in  the  crescent  of  the  new  moon,  sur- 
rounded by  clouds,  a  beautiful  cherub's  face  being  directly  beneath  the  figure.  The 
robes  are  of  exquisite  workmanship,  representing  embroidery,  and  the  coloring  is  in 
rich  red  and  purple,  contrasted  with  black  and  gold.  .  The  statue  is  about  fifteen 
inches  high,  and  will  well  repay  examination.  The  other  statue  is  about  eighteen 
inches  high,  made  of  wood  and  plaster,  and  represents  St.  Joseph.  Scarcely  could 
there  be  a  stronger  artistic  contrast  than  between  these  two  specimens  ! 

This  church  also  contains  some  rich  embroideries,  a  part  of  which  were  originally 
clerical  vestments,  and  a  portion  altar  coverings. 

The  visitor  should  also  be  sure  to  see  a  curious  cross  of  iron,  with  brass  ornaments 
at  the  top  and  ends  of  the  cross  piece,  and  some  old  pictorial  printed  sheets,  printed 
in  red  and  black. 


Excursions  from  Santa  Fe. 

These  are  numerous  and  in  various  directions,  but  can  only  be  briefly  mentioned. 
They  can  be  made  in  a  carriage,  on  horse-back,  on  burros,  or  the  shorter  ones  will 
suit  good  travelers  on  foot.  Nothing  is  more  interesting  and  truly  novel  to  most 
tourists,  than  for  a  party  to  engage  the  services  of  a  number  of  burros  and  make  a 
trip  up  the  canon  on  their  backs.  It  is  an  experience  never  to  be  forgotten,  and 
cfiiite  inexpensive. 

1,  XJp  tlie  Canyon. — The  canon  of  the  Santa  F^  presents  a  series  of  beau- 
tiful spots,  and  altogether  is  a  charming  place  for  a  ride  or  drive.  Apart  from  the 
picturesque  natural  scenery,  there  are  the  water  works,  old  mills,  etc.,  to  add  variety 
to  the  scene. 

2,  Prospect  Point  is  the  summit  of  the  "  divide  "  between  the  Santa  F^ 
and  the  Tesuijue  Kivers,  on  the  railroad,  about  three  miles  north  of  the  Plaza.  The 
view  from  this  elevation  is  magnificent  and  extensive. 


ROYAL  GORGE,  ON  THE  LINE  OF  THE  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R. 


:  DEALER  IN 


Watches 

Clocks 

Diamonds 

Jewelry 

The  Finest  Assortment  I  Patterns 


OF- 


MEXIGAN  SILVER  AND  GOLD  NATIVE  MANUFACTURED 

FILIGREE  JEWELRY 


IN     THE     TERRITORY, 


33  Railroad  Ay.,  Albuquerque,  Hew  Mexico. 


20  Excursions  from  Santa  Fe. 

3o  Xhe  Puetolo  of  Xesuque  (Tay-soo'kay).— No  one  should  think 
of  leaving  New  Mexico  without  visiting  some  of  the  Pueblo  towns.  They  are  the 
greatest  objects  of  interest  in  the  Territory.  Here,  and  here  only,  can  we  see  in  the 
ninteenth  century  the  aboriginal  civilization  of  America,  as  it  was  presented  to 
Cortez  and  the  early  conquerors  in  the  sixteenth.  The  Pueblo  of  Tesuque  is  the 
nearest  to  Santa  F^,  and  consequently  the  most  visited  ;  but  those  very  facts  have  to 
some  extent  robbed  it  and  its  inhabitants  of  many  of  the  characteristics  most  interest- 
ing among  this  ancient  people.  It  is  very  desirable  if  possible  to  visit  some  of  the 
larger  and  more  remote  pueblos.  San  Juan  is  easily  accessible  on  the  north,  and 
Santo  Domingo  is  but  a  mile  from  Wallace  station,  while  Isleta  is  easy  to  be  reached 
from  Albuquerque.  But  if  you  cannot  visit  any  of  these,  then  do  not  fail  to  go  to 
Tesuque.  While  comparatively  small,  yet  it  has  all  the  leading  features  which 
characterize  these  aboriginal  towns. 

4*  ]HaiIll)e  (Nam-bay)  is  another  Pueblo  town,  about  eighteen  miles  north 
of  Santa  Fe.  By  devoting  an  entire  day  to  the  trip,  both  this  and  Tesuque  can  be 
visited.  .  Namb^  is  not  a  large  pueblo,  but  is  interesting  because  its  situation  is  away 
from  the  ordinary  line  of  travel,  and  it  has  consequently  felt  little  of  the  influence 
of  the  modern  world. 

5.  ASfUa  Kria  (Ah^gwah  Free^ah)  is  a  little  village  about  five  miles 
southwest  of  the  city  ;  the  road  being  a  very  excellent  one  for  driving.  It  contains 
an  interesting  old  church  which  will  well  repay  a  visit.  On  the  road  is  one 
of  the  points  of  peculiar  historic  interest  in  this  vicinity  being 

6.  Xlie  place  of  Assassination  of  Oovernor  Pere^,  a  little 
more  than  two  miles  from  Santa  Fe.  It  will  be  remembered  that  when  the  revolu- 
tionists rose  in  1837,  Governor  Perez  marched  north  to  meet  them,  but  being  deserted 
by  nearly  all  his  men,  retreated  to  the  capital  and  then  started  south.  Near  the 
house  of  Don  Salvador  Martinez  he  was  killed  by  an  arrow  fired  by  a  Santo  Domingo 
Pueblo  Indian;  and  his  assailants  then  forced  Santiago  Prada,  by  threats  of  death 
to  cut  ofi"  his  head,  which  was  carried  to  the  rebel  encampment  near  the  Rosario 
Church,  and  treated  with  great  indignities.  The  spot  where  Governor  Perez  was 
killed  is  marked  by  a  "  descanso,"  or  heap  of  stones  surmounted  by  a  cross,  and  may 
•be  seen  a  little  to  the  right  of  the  road  as  one  drives  from  Santa  Fe. 

7.  Xlie  Cerrillos  Mines. — These  are  20  miles  distant  and  are  easily 
visited  in  a  day.      They  are  more  fully  described  in  connection  with  Cerrillos  Station. 

If  time  permits  longer  excursions,  the  hunter  or  fisherman  will  find  charming 
localities  for  his  favorite  sport  on  the  head  waters  of  the  Pecos,  with  the  possibility 
also  of  becoming  a  millionaire  by  stumbling  upon  some  great  mineral  discovery  in 
this  rich  section. 

If  two  or  three  days  can  be  spared,  in  no  way  can  it  be  so  profitably  employed 
as  in  a  visit  to  the  celebrated 

Cliff  I>'«vellins:S.  One  of  the  pleasantest  excursions  from  Santa  F^  is  to 
these  interesting  relics  of  a  remote  antiquity.  They  exist  in  various  portions  of 
southern  Rio  Arriba  County,  some  of  the  finest  being  almost  directly  west  from  Es- 
panolia  and  easily  accessible  from  that  point.  The  most  convenient  to  Santa  F^  are 
southwest  of  San  Yldefonso,  and  the  entire  trip  can  easily  be  made  in  two  days.  The 
tourist,  unless  he  is  acquainted  with  the  localities,  should  drive  direct  to  San  Ylde- 
fonso and  procure  a  guide.  He  will  be  well  repaid  for  the  extra  distance  by  a  view 
of  the  pueblo,  which  is  described  elsewhere.  The  place  to  cross  the  Rio  Grande  is  some 
distance  below  the  Pueblo  and  near  the  bridge  of  the  T.,  S.  F.  &  N.  R.  R.  From  the 
crossing  a  drive  of  about  three  miles  up  the  canon  to  the  west,  brings  us  to  the  best 
camping  ground,  as  carriages  can  go  no  further.  From  here  we  walk  or  proceed  on 
hoi-ses  or  burros  further  up  the  same  road  about  two  miles,  through  very  fine  scenery. 


Towns  on  A.,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R.  21 

A  deep  ravine  or  caiion  is  on  the  south,  and  on  the  north  side  an  almost  perpendicular 
wall  of  red  rock,containing,near  its  summit  a  stratum  of  white  limestone  about  twelve 
feet  in  thickness,  which  is  everywhere  indented  with  great  holes  that  at  first  appear 
as  if  made  by  human  beings,  but  are  really  the  work  of  large  birds.  On  the  left  of 
the  road,  about  two  miles  above  the  camp,  are  the  remains  of  an  adobe  cabin,  which 
is  a  landmark  for  the  ascent  of  the  cliffs  on  the  south  side  of  the  valley.  This  ascent 
is  quite  difficult,  the  latter  part  being  up  the  perpendicular  face  of  the  rock,  in  which 
are  cut  places  for  the  hands  and  feet.  But  the  tourist  is  well  repaid,  for  on  the  level 
summit  of  the  Mesa  he  sees  the  ruins  of  the 

Ancient    Stone  Pueblo  of  Cliippillo. 

This  is  of  large  size,  being  300  feet  from  east  to  west  by  320  from  north  to  south, 
with  entrances  at  the  southeast  and  northwest  corners.  It  is  built  around  a  plaza 
which  contains  the  remains  of  two  circular  estufas,  the  sides  of  which  are  stoned ;  and 
the  building  itself  was  three  rooms  in  width,  the  rooms,  however,  as  in  all  pueblos, 
being  quite  small.  The  stones  of  which  it  was  constructed  was  squared  to  about  the 
size  and  shape  of  an  adobe,  and  the  lines  of  all  the  walls  are  as  easily  to  be  traced 
now  as  when  this  great  building  was  occupied  centuries  ago.  It  is  called  by  the 
present  Pueblo  Indians  "  Chipillo,"  (chip-peel^yo),  and  the  tradition  is  that  it  was 
built  on  this  mesa,  for,  purposes  of  defense,  by  a  people  who  aforetime  dwelt  in  the 
valley  below.  The  ground  is  covered  with  pieces  of  broken  pottery,  moss  agate,  vol- 
canic glass,  and  other  remains  of  the  manufacture  of  arrow  heads  and  ornaments  ;  and 
altogether  these  ruins  are  as  perfect  a  specimen  of  the  remains  of  a  pre-historic 
pueblo  as  exist  anywhere. 

To  reach  the  Cliff  Dwellings,  the  tourist  crosses  this  mesa,  and  desends  by  steps 
cut  in  the  rock  on  the  north  side.  Here  are  found  a  score  of  the  cave  like  habita- 
tions, deeply  cut  into  the  hard  clay  or  limestone.  All  show  evidences  of  occupation, 
in  the  blackened  walls  and  inside  rooms  for  the  safe  keeping  of  corn,  etc.  In  many 
of  the  caves  are  rude  representations  of  eagles,  bears,  horses,  men,  etc.,  and  in  one,  the 
picture  of  a  great  snake  or  Vlpera  grande,  at  least  twelve  feet  long.  Crossing  another 
valley,  we  reach  Cuesta  Blanca,  (Quay^stah  Blan^kah),  where  are  numerous  cliff 
dwellings,  and  on  the  top  of  the  mesa  the  ruins  of  three  ancient  stone  pueblos,  and  a. 
little  farther  to  the  southwest  the  ruined  pueblos  of  Pajarito,  (Pah  hah-ree^to),  sur- 
rounded on  the  steep  edges  of  the  cliff  with  multitudes  of  the  same  cave-like 
habitations. 

Considering  the  great  interest  now  evinced  in  the  ancient  people  who  inhabited 
these  towns,  no  trip  of  equal  length  presents  as  much  matter  of  historic  interest,  and 
affords  as  much  food  for  thought,  as  this. 


Towns  on  the  Line  of  the  A.  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R. 

The  tourist  who  comes  into  New  Mexico  from  the  East  usually  is  a  passenger  on 
the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  and  the  first  sight  that  he  has  of  the 
Territory  is  as  he  emerges  from  the  Katon  tunnel.  At  the  risk  of  trenching  a  little 
on  the  domain  of  Colorado,  let  us  beg  every  traveller  to  be  on  the  lookout  for  the 
celebrated  view  of  the  Spanish  Peaks  from  a  point  just  north  of  the  tunnel.  As  you 
ascend  from  Trinidad  through  the  Devil's  Canon,  on  a  grade  of  185  feet,  suddenly 
from  the  rear  platform,  through  a  vista  of  mountain  scenery,  you  have  for  a  few  mo- 
ments this  beautiful  view  of  the  snow-clad  peaks  nearly  100  miles  away.  It  is  too 
good  to  be  lost. 


MARTIN  ZIMMERMAN,  C.  H.  GILDERSLEEVE,  JOHN  H.  KNAEBEL, 

President.  Vice-Pres't  and  Treas.  Secretary 

SAN  MARCIAL  LAND  AID 
IMPED  VEMENT  CO. 


TOWN  LOTS  AND  FARMS 


FOR  SAI.B  AX 


San  Marcial,  Socorro  County,  N.  M, 


Beautifully  located  on  the  Rio  Grande  River  at  ends 
of  divisions  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  R. 
R.,  where  their  extensive  shops  will  be  erected. 

Surrounded  by  elegant  agricultural  land.  Adapted 
to  grapes,  fruit,  and  grain  of  all  kinds. 

General  office,  Santa  Fe,  N.  M. 
Local   office,  San   Marcial,  N.  M.,  in  charge  of  Jay 
Sedgwick,  Agent. 

Letters  of  inquiry  will  receive  prompt  attention. 


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22  Towns  on  A.,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R. 

Xlie  Raton  Tunnel  is  7,688  feet  high,  and  at  that  elevation  you  emerge 
into  the  pure  air  and  see  the  Italian  sky  of  New  Mexico. 

Raton  is  the  first  town  reached,  and  is  situated  at  the  southerly  base  of  the 
mountains.  It  is  an  active,  bustling,  business  town  of  2,500  inhabitants,  whose 
rapid  increase  has  come  from  the  railroad  shops  and  the  adjacent  coal  mines.  It 
was  not  thought  of  until  1880,  but  now  is  one  of  the  most  enterprising  places  in  the 
Territory,  and  has  a  future  which  will  rival  many  eastern  railroad  towns.  The  coal 
mines  are  principally  about  five  miles  distant  at 

BloSSt>urg'9  which  has  a  braneh  railroad  running  to  it.  The  coal  obtained 
here  is  bituminous,  of  superior  quality,  and  inexhaustible  in  amount.  Iron  mines 
are  also  in  this  vicinity,  and  with  the  development  of  these  industries  the  prosperity 
of  these  towns  will  be  assured. 

The  road  now  goes  almost  directly  south,  across  Colfax  County,  and  directly 
through  the  celebrated  Maxwell  Grant.  This  great  tract  of  land  was  given  by  the 
last  Mexican  Governor,  Armijo,  to  Messrs.  Beaubien  and  Miranda,  about  forty  years 
ago,  and  contains  over  1,800,000  acres ;  part  of  its  area  being  in  Colorado.  It  ex- 
tends from  the  summit  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  a  line  considerably  east  of  the 
railroad,  a  distance  of  over  fifty  miles,  constituting  a  principality  of  itself.  The 
next  town  of  importance  is 

Springier,  forty-one  miles  south  of  Raton  and  716  miles  from  Kansas  City. 
This  is  the  county-seat  of  Colfax  County,  and  a  model  Court-house  of  brick,  with  a 
jail  of  steel  cells  adjoining,  can  be  seen  distinctly  from  the  cars.  'Few  towns  are 
more  flourishing  than  this.  It  is  the  depot  for  a  vast  grazing  and  stock  country  to 
the  east,  extending  into  Texas  and  the  Indian  Territory,  and  it  controls  the  trade  of 
a  large  section  on  the  west.  Telephone  lines  connect  it  with  the  principal  ranches 
of  the  county.  It  has  an  excellent  public  school,  the  people  having  erected  a  scho(»l 
house  when  there  was  but  three  dwellings  in  town.  About  a  mile  distant  are  the 
Cement  Wo^ks,  at  which  an  article  is  being  manufactured  of  very  superior  quality. 
From  here  stages  run  to 

Cimarron,  distant  twenty-two  miles.  This  was  founded  by  the  English 
Company  which  at  one  time  owned  the  Maxwell  Grant,  as  the  capital  of  their 
domain;  the  residence  of  Maxwell,  where  he  had  lived  like  a  feudal  chief  and  dis- 
pensed feudal  hospitality,  being  its  neuclus.  For  many  years,  until  1882,  it  was  the 
county-seat,  and  is  still  the  headquarters  of  the  Maxwell  Land  and  Grant  Company 
and  the  Maxwell  Cattle  Company.  From  Cimarron  the  road  through  a  pass  in  the 
Rocky  Mountains  to  Taos,  ascends  toward  the  west  through  a  most  beautiful  and 
picturesque  canon,  and  is  well  worth  a  visit.     This  road  leads  to 

Hli^abetlltO'wn,  Ute  Creek,  and  other  gold  regions.  The  first  discovery 
was  made  here  in  Wilson  Gulch,  September  22,  1866,  and  soon  miners  flocked  to  the 
locality,  until  Elizabethtown  contained  5,000  people.  In  1868  the  "Big  Dutch," 
forty -four  miles  long,  was  constructed  at  a  cost  of  $300,000  to  bring  water  from  the 
head  of  Red  River.  This  region  abounds  with  gold,  both  "  in  place,"  as  at  the  Aztec 
mine,  and  i6  gravel  or />/ctcers.  Being  on  the  Maxwell  Grant,  the  long  litigations 
regarding  that  property  have  discouraged  enterprise ;  but  thousands  can  be  sup- 
ported here  when  proper  arrangements  are  made  with  prospectors  and  miners.  This 
is  one  of  the  best  ways  of  reaching  Taos,  but  we  will  describe  that  town  in  another 
place.     Returning  to  the  railroad,  the  next  place  of  interest  is 

^Wa8:on  Itlound.  This  was  a  famous  point  in  the  days  of  the  "Trail,"  the 
mountain  close  to  the  railroad  on  the  east  being  a  land  mark  for  all  the  travel- 
ers of  the  plains,  and  obtaining  its  name  from  its  resemblance  in  form  to  a  wagon 
and  horses  when  seen  from  a  distance.  The  curious  elevations  on  the  west  side  of 
the  track  are  called  the  Santa  Clara  Hills.     Twenlv-tive  miles  further  on  we  come  to 


Towns  on  A.,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R.  23 

l^atrous,  but  for  some  time  bvifore  the  eye  has  been  charmed  by  the  sight  of 
beautiful  bright  green  fields  in  a  delightful  valley.  No  more  inviting  prospect 
could  be  imagined,  especially  for  the  traveler  who  has  been  crossing  the  brown  and 
monotonous  plains.  Watrous  marks  what  was  the  extreme  limit  of  settlement  under 
the  Mexican  government.  James  Bonney  had  settled  there  in  1842  and  the  military 
reports  of  Emory,  Abert,  etc.,  mention  that  his  house  was  the  first  seen  for  775  miles 
on  the  march  of  General  Kearney's  army  from  the  Missouri  in  1846.  Barclay's  Fort 
was  in  this  vicinity, having  been  built  for  protection  against  the  Indians.  The  place 
was  then  called  La  Junta  (Lah  Hoontah),  meaning  the  junction,  because  the  Mora 
and  Sapello  rivers  meet  here.  Its  name  was  changed  to  Watrous  in  honor  of 
Mr.  Samuel  B. Watrous,  who  came  to  the  Territory  in  1835.  lived  for  some  time  at  the 
''Placers"  and  then  moved  here,  where  he  has  since  resided.  Watrous  is  an  enter- 
prising village,  having  an  excellent  school-house,  built  by  subscription.  From  here 
the  various  points  in  the  Mora  Valley  can  be  reached  with  ease. 

Iflpra^  the  county  seat,  is  about  twenty -six  miles  distant,  and  is  situated  in  a 
most  charming  valley,  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  high  mountains.  This  was  the 
later  residence  of  Col.  Ceran  St.  Vrain,  who  built  the  large  stone  mill  which  is  a 
prominent  feature  of  the  village,  and  whose  grave  is  conspicuous  on  the  hill  south  of 
the  town.  At  Mora  is  a  college  of  the  Christian  Brothers,  and  a  girl's  academy  under 
the  Sisters  of  Loreto.  The  whole  country  in  this  vicinity  is  of  great  beauty  and  the 
valleys  exceedingly  fertile.  The  drive  to  AguaNegra(Ah^gwah  Na^grah)  is  a  most 
charming  one.  Near  Ocat^  (0-kat-ay^)  is  the  crater  of  a  great  pre-historic  volcano. 
La  Cueva  (Lah  Kway^vah)  is  a  beautiful  domain,  formerly  the  property  of  Don 
Vicente  Romero,  and  includes  several  fine  lakes.  A  drive  around  Mora  county 
occupying  two  or  three  days,  will  well  repay  the  tourist. 

Kort  Union  is  but  a  short  distance  from  Watrous.  This  has  for  many 
years  been  the  principal  military  post  in  Northeastern  New  Mexico,  and  for  a  long 
time  was  the  great  store-house  for  the  army  in  this  section  of  the  country.  Three  or 
four  companies  and  a  band  are  usually  stationed  here. 


I^AS  "VBOAS.  (I^as  Vay-gass.) 

roceeding  on  the  railroad,  a  ride  of  an  hour  brings  us  to  the  city  of 
Las  Vegas,  the  county  seat  of  San  Miguel  county,  and  by  far  the 
largest     place     in      New      Mexico    east     of      the      mountains.  It    is    a    very 

important  business  point  and  whether  viewed  in  the  light  of  its  present  prosperity 
or  its  future  prospects  is  second  to  no  town  in  the  Territory.  But  to  the 
tourist  it  does  not  present  specially  great  attractions.  It  is  comparatively  new, 
its  founder  having  been  Don  Miguel  Romero,  who  first  came  here  in  1833,  but  did 
not  permanently  settle  till  1840.  He  was  the  father  of  Trinidad,Eugenio,Hilario,Benito 
andMargarito  Romero.  The  grant  of  the  land,  from  the  Mexican  Government,  was 
made  in  1835,  when  twenty-nine  persons  were  put  in  possession  of  moderate  tracts, 
the  remainder  of  the  grant  being  reserved  for  all  those  inhabitants  who  in  the  future 
might  be  destitute  of  land.  The  first  American  to  settle  here  was  Levi  J.  Keithley, 
in  1339.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  first  Territorial  Legislature  in  1847.  The 
town  grew  up  around  the  plaza,  until,  in  1850,  all  four  sides  were  well  filled.  The 
first  railroad  train  arrived  July  4th,  1879,  and  at  that  time  there  was  but  one  house 
on  the  side  of  the  river  where  the  depot  is  situated,  and  where  the  "  New  Town  " 
sprung  up  immediately  after  as  if  by  magic.  The  first  place  for  the  tourist  to  visit  is 
the 


S.  S.  MENDENHAIili.  J.  H.  HUNTER.  M.   !>.  COOLEY 

MENDENHALL,  HUNTER  &  CO., 

LIVBEY,  SALBIPBBB  STABLE, 

=nrir;riKr^  N EW  Mexico. 


The  Finest  Equipped  LIVERY  and  Largest  SALE  STABLE  in 

the  Territory, 

B.  MOSES, 

First  Premium  Medal  at  New  Albuquerque  Territorial  Exhibit  on 

The  Only  Practical  Cigar  Man  in  Town  ! 


■WHOIiESAIiE  AND  RETAIL 


Bigars,  Tobaccos  and  Smokers'  Articles, 

NEW  ALBUQUERQUE,  N.  M. 

University  of  New  Mexico. 

INCOHJPOBATEJD  3£AY  11,  1881. 

Located  at  SANTA  FE,  N.  M. 


OFFICERS  : 
HON.  L.  BRADFORD  PRINCE,  Pres.  WM.  M.   BERGER,  Secretary. 
WM.  H.  McBROOM,   Vice-President.     EUGENE  A.  FISK,  Treasurer. 
REV.  HORATIO  O.  LADD,  President  of  Faculty. 


First  Protestant  Christian  Collegfe  in  :Ne'w  Mexico,  This 
institution  offers  a  liberal  education  for  young  men  and  women  in  the  higher  English 
branches,  Mathematics,  the  Natural  Sciences,  and  the  Spanish,  German,  French, 
Latin  and  Greek  Languages.  The  Academic  Department  provides  thorough  instruc- 
tion in  common  English  studies  for  younger  pupils,  and  has  a  well  furnished  depart- 
ment for  primary  scholars. 

The  magnificent  new  University  building  will  be  ready  for  occupancy  for  the 
opening  of  the  fall  session  in  September.  Boarding  accommodation  for  students  of 
both  sexes.     For  Catalogue  address  the  President  of  Faculty,  or 

WM.  M.  BERGER, 

S^XXtCi  r^o,  3Sr.  M.  Secretary. 


CHARLES  BLANCHARD, 


■DEALER  IN 


(lisa 


k 


Produce 


EATERYTHINa. 


Prompt  Attention  Given  to  Orders  by  Mail 


Unsurpassed  Facilities  for  Procuring  Heavy  M  chinery,  and 

all  kinds  of  Merchandise  not  Usually 

Kept  in   Stock. 


LAS  VEGAS,  N.M. 


C.  Blanchard  is  the  senior  member  of  the  firm  of 

BL^NOH^HD    &    CO., 

SOCORRO,  N.  M., 

Whose   extensive   establishment   embraces   the   greatest    variety  of 
wares  and  merchandise  in  New  Mexico. 


HEADQUARTERS    FOR    MINERS.-^a 


24  Towns  on  A.,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R. 

Roman  Catbolic  Cliurcll.  This  is  not  very  old,  but  it  is  a  very  large 
edifice,  built  of  the  red  sandstone  which  abounds  in  the  vicinity  ;  the  form  being  a 
parallelogram  with  half  octagonal  wings  on  the  sides  for  the  side  altars,  and  two 
towers  in  front.  It  does  not  possess  any  old  paintings  or  sculpture,  but  on  high  festi- 
val days,  with  its  multitude  of  lights,  the  church  presents  a  very  brilliant  appearance. 

Xlie  Pla^ca,  until  1881,  was  an  open  square,  generally  filled  with  ox  teams, 
wagons  and  burros.  It  was  the  center  of  trade  for  the  whole  county.  It  is  now 
fenced  in  an  oval  form,  and  planted  with  trees  and  grass,  making  a  s  riking  contrast 
to  its  old  condition  of   heat  and  dust.      The  most  interesting  spot,  historically,  is  the 

Place  of  Xakingf  tlie  Oatll*  Las  Vegas  was  the  first  town  reached 
by  the  American  "  Army  of  the  West  "  under  General  Kearney,  on  their  invasion  of 
New  Mexico  in  1846.  The  army  arrived  on  August  14th,  and  General  Kearney 
speedily  summoned  the  Alcalde,  named  Juan  de  Dios  Maes,  who  was  the  principal 
local  official,  and  with  him,  the  Parish  Priest,  and  some  staff  officers,  went  to  the  flat 
roof  of  a  house  on  the  north  side  of  the  Plaza,  about  the  middle  of  the  block,  in  or- 
der to  address  the  people  who  thronged  the  Plaza.  All  was  confusion  and  fear,  for 
the  people  knew  little  of  Amfericans,  except  as  represented  by  the  rough  men  of  the 
border,  and  many  stories  had  been  circulated  of  a  character  to  excite  anxiety.  The 
General  informed  them  that  he  had  not  come  as  an  enemy  but  a  friend ;  that  they 
would  not  in  any  way  be  molested  in  person  or  property;  that  no  man's  religion 
would  be  interfered  with  ;  and  that  the  only  change  was  that  they  were  citizens  of  the 
United  States,  instead  of  Mexican  subjects.  He  then  called  on  the  Alcalde,  as  the 
representative  of  the  people,  to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  ;  and  this  was  solemnly 
done  in  the  sight  of  the  great  concourse  before  them.  It  is  certainly  an  interesting 
historical  spot  where  the  first  New  Mexican  took  this  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  Great 
Republic,  and  should  be  visited  by  all  strangers.  It  is  gratifying  to  know  that  the 
oath  in  this  case  was  much  more  than  lip-service.  For  when  the  "  Taos  Insurrection  '* 
took  place  and  Governor  Bent  and  other  officials  were  killed  at  Taos,  and  Mr.  Waldo 
and  his  seven  companions  murdered  at  Mora,  the  programme  was  to  have  a  general 
rising  throughout  the  Territory,  and  a  swift  message  was  sent  to  the  Alcalde  urging 
such  action  at  Las  Vegas  and  the  immediate  destruction  of  all  Americans.  But  the 
honest  old  man,  loyal  to  his  obligation,  called  a  meeting  of  the  people,  which  was 
held  near  the  south-west  corner  of  the  Plaza,  and  there  told  them  the  news  and  then 
added  :  "You  all'saw  me  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  on  yonder  house-top.  When  I 
did  so  I  took  it  officially  for  you  all.  You  are  all  bound  as  well  as  I,  and  for  myself, 
I  assure  you,  that  I  intend  to  live  and  die  by  that  oath."  The  busy  hum  of  trade  is 
now  heard  on  the  spots  where  these  events  occurred,  but  they  are  no  less  interesting 
on  that  account. 

•  Xlie  I^as  "Vegas  Colleg^e,  or,  as  it  is  generally  called,  "the  Jesuit 
College,"  is  the  largest  institution  of  learning  in  the  Territory,  and  increases  in  ex- 
tent and  usefulness  every  year.  It  was  opened  in  1877,  and  then  only  consisted  of 
one  long  building;  subsequently  two  large  wings  were  added,  and  when  entirely 
completed  it  will  be  one  of  the  most  imposing  structures  in  the  south-west.  It  is  con- 
ducted by  the  Fathers  of  the  Society  of  Jesus,  and  the  course  of  instruction  is  very 
complete. 

Xlie  Sisters'  Academy  is  in  charge  of  the  Sisters'  of  Loreto,  and  is  a 
very  useful  and  creilitable  institution. 

'The  Academy  is  the  handsome  brick  edifice  on  Douglas  avenue  in  the 
"New  Town,'*  and  the 

Southern  llletliodist  School  is  the  large  square  brick  building  on 
the  hill.     Both  are  flourishing  schools. 


Towns  on  A.,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R,  25 

While  Las  Vegas,  on  account  of  its  comparatively  recent  settlement,  does  not 
possess  the  objects  of  interest  to  the  tourist  seen  in  the  older  towns,  yet  it  is  quite 
fully  compensated  by  having  in  its  immmediate  vicinity  the  celebrated 


I.AS  VBOAS  SPRINGS. 

These  are  situated  about  six  miles  from  Las  Vegas,  in  a  beautiful  canon,  through 
which  flows  the  Gallinas  (Gal-yee-nas)  river.  The  virtues  of  these  healing  waters 
have  been  known  for  years,  and  long  before  they  were  thought  of  as  a  watering 
place  the  Mexicans  used  to  come  long  distances  to  have  the  benefit  of  their  curative 
properties.  There  are  nearly  forty  of  these  springs  in  all,  of  which  over  twenty  have 
been  thoroughly  analyized.  Their  temperature  ranges  from  70°  to  136°,  and  their 
chemical  constituents  vary  almost  as  much  as  their  degrees  of  heat.  It  seems  mar- 
velous that  within  so  small  an  area  such  a  variety  should  exist.  But  in  this  very 
fact  consists  their  special  and  exceptional  value. 

For  many  years  there  had  been  a  small  hotel  at  the  Springs,  but  in  1879  the  "Hot 
Springs  Hotel,"  a  three-story  granite  building  was  erected,  and  soon  after  the  found- 
ations were  laid  of  the  sumptuous  "Montezuma."  Simultaneously  with  these  improve- 
ments, the  bath  houses,  which  contain  every  modern  appliance,  are  200  feet  long  by 
45  wide,  built  of  red  granite,  and  two  stories  high,  were  being  constructed,  and  now 
constitute  an  establishment  which,for  perfection  of  appointments  and  variety  of  med- 
icinal effects,  is  not  equalled  in  the  world. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  describe  the  beauty  of  the  grounds  or  the  natural  surround- 
ings at  the  Springs,  for  every  tourist  will  see  them.  Suffice  it  that  for  comfort  and 
elegance  no  watering-place  in  the  land  excels  the  Las  Vegas  Springs. 

The  PecOSValley  is  reached  by  conveyance  from  Las  Vegas,  and  embraces 
one  of  the  most  fertile  and  beautiful  sections  of  the  territory,  especially  abounding 
in  fruit.  Santa  Rosa  and  Puerto  de  Luna,  are  two  of  the  most  important  points  here, 
and  lower  down  is  admirable  grazing  and  farming  land.  Proceeding  on  the  railroad 
four  miles  from  Las  Vegas  is 

Romero,  so  called  after  Don  Trinidad  Romero,  late  delegate  in  congress, 
whose  elegant  residence  and  ranche  are  conspicuous  from  the  cars. 

Tlie  Bernal  Peak  is  a.conspicuous  object  for  fifty  miles  after  leaving 
Las  Vegas,  from  its  peculiar  shape.  It  is  also  called  Starvation  Peak,  from  a  legend 
that  a  number  of  Spaniards  who  took  refuge  there  were  surrounded  by  Indian  ene- 
mies until  they  perished  from  starvation.  This  story  is  not  well  authenticated,  and 
occasionally  the  parties  are  transposed  and  the  beleaguered  company  are  Indians 
surrounded  by  Spaniards.  The  tourist  may  take  his  choice  ;  but  at  all  events  he 
will  be  sure  to  admire  the  bold  scenery  connected  with  the  mountain. 

,  The  railroad  here  makes  a  great  semi-circle  around  the  southern  extremity  of 
the  Rocky  Mountain  range,  and  we  are  rapidly  ascending  to  the  highest  point  on  the 
route,  at  the  "Glorieta  Divide,"  where  the  altitude  is  7537  feet.  The  scenery  all 
through  this  section  is  very  fine,  and  the  traveler  should  specially  notice  the  wonder- 
fully ingenius  and  extensive  works  which  the  railroad  company  have  constructed 
along  the  track  for  miles  to  prevent  wash-outs  and  other  injuries  from  sudden  floods. 
In  the  Apache  Canon,  scarcely  wide  enough  for  the  track,  and  with  high  perpendicu- 
lar walls,  the  water  has  been  known  to  rise  forty  feet  in  an  hour.  In  wild  and  pictur- 
esque beauty  few  places  exceed  this  canon. 

Before  reaching  Glorieta,  and  while  ascending  the  heavy  grade,  the  tourist  who 
cannot  afford  a  day's  time  to  visit  the  locality  at  leisure,  must  not  fail  to  observe  the   • 


TOLTEC  TUNNEL,  ON  THE  LINE  OF  THE  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R. 


J.  J.  FITZGERRELL, 

Tke  Live  ^eal  E/>  fate  Man 

NOTARY  PUBLIC, 

AND  COLLECTING  AGENT, 

LAS   VEGAS,   NEW  MEXICO. 


REFERENCES 


Maj.  Gen.  John  A.  Logan,  U.  S.  Senator. 

Hon.  Philefus  Sawyer,  U.  S.  Senator. 

Hon.  David  H.  Jerome,  Governor  of  Michigan. 

Hon.  L.  H.  Roots,  Banker,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

Hon.  N.  H.  Thistlewood,  Mayor  of  Cairo,  Ills. 

Evans,  Willbank  &  Co.,  Bankers,  Mt.  Vernon,  Ills.,  as  well  as 

other  leading  citizens  of  that  city. 
Col.  A.  W.  Rodgers,  Warrensburg,  Mo. 
Hon.  Ezra  Rust,  Lumberman,  Saginaw,  Mich. 


Sanitarium  of  the  world.  There  have  been  more  houses  built,  and  more  money  spent 
for  general  improvements  in  this  city  than  any  other  place  in  the  Territory.  The 
city  offers  special  inducements  to  merchants,  capitalists,  mechanics,  laborers? 
etc.  Real  estate  and  business  investments  pay  from  25  to  200  per  cent  here.  Come 
and  look  at  our  improvements — water  works,  street  cars,  gas  works,  telephone  ex- 
change, foundry  and  machine  shop,  colleges,  academy,  female  seminary,  mammoth 
business  houses,  doing  a  business  extending  into  millions  of  dollars  annually,  and 
above  all,  our  live  business  men.  The  city  is  now  connected  by  rail  with  the  fam- 
ous Las  Vegas  Hot  Springs.  Come  and  be  convinced.  Call  and  see  me  when  in  the  city 
— the  latch  string  hangs  out ;  will  serve  you  with  pleasure. 

J~,  jr.  FITZaiERRBLL, 
Correspondence  Solicited  The  Live  Real  Estate  Agent. 

|@°'Send  for  Fitzgerrell's  Guide  to  New  Mexico,  for  general  information.    Free  to  all 


26  Towns  on  A.,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R. 

Ruins  of  Pecos,  in  a  hill  a  short  distance  north  of  the  track.  This 
Pueblo  was  the  only  one  east  of  the  mountains,  and  for  centuries  stood  like  a  sentry 
of  civilization  on  the  border  of  the  wild  tribes  that  roamed  over  the  plains.  The 
extent  of  the  ruins  attest  what  history  tells  of  the  power  and  population  of  this  great 
pueblo.  No  place  in  America  is  full  of  more  romantic  traditions  than  Pecos.  Here, 
it  is  said  Montezuma  was  born,  and  from  here  started  on  the  migration  of  the  Aztec 
people  to  Mexico.  Others  say  that  here  he  remained  until  he  disappeared  from 
earth,  after  promising  that  at  the  end  of  many  days  he  would  reappear  from  the 
east  in  the  morning  light,  and  bidding  the  priests  carefully  preserve  the  sacred  fire 
ever  burning  until  his  return.  Others,  again,  say  that  he  planted  a  tree,  and  then 
foretold  the  sorrows  and  subjection  of  his  people,  but  assured  them  that  one  day 
there  should  come  from  the  east  an  army  of  pale-faced  men  who  would  bring  peace 
and  prosperity  with  them  ;  and  that  that  tree  should  stand  till  all  this  was  fulfilled; 
•  and  those  believers  in  this  last  tradition  assure  us  that  the  tree  fell  with  a  loud 
crash  on  the  day  that  the  Americans  entered  Santa  Fe. 

However  these  traditions  may  be,  the  ruins  are  of  great  enduring  interest ;  for 
they  show  us  the  remains  of  a  large  city,  principally  built  of  stone,  covering  a  great 
extent  of  land  ;  and  the  ruins  of  the  church,  though  rapidly  disappearing  before  the 
ravages  of  time  and  the  more  ruthless  hand  of  the  "curiosity  fiend,"  still  are  a 
monument  to  the  zeal  of  the  old  Franciscan  monks,  and  to  the  '*  faith  shown  by 
works"  of  the  industrious  people  who  erected  it. 

This  Pueblo  was  deserted  about  1840,  the  people  having  become  greatly  reduced 
in  numbers  by  successive  visitations  of  small-pox  and  other  diseases.  They  never 
ceased  to  guard  the  sacred  fire,  and  finally  when  they  migrated  to  the  kindred  pueblo 
of  Jemez,  they  carried  it  with  them,  unextinguished,  to  their  new  home. 

Tlie  Glorieta  Battlefieldl  is  plainly  visible  from  the  cars  as  they  pass  ; 
and  while  this  battle  is  not  well  known  to  Eastern  people,  it  was  really  one  of  the 
decisive  conflicts  of  the  war  of  the  Rebellion ;  for  as  far  as  this  point  the  Southern 
army  had  marched  triumphantly.  They  had  taken  Santa  F^  and  their  government 
was  in  operation  there.  Nearly  the  whole  Territory  was  under  their  control,  and 
they  were  marching  to  seize  the  stores  and  munitions  at  Ft.  Union.  Here,  at  Glori- 
eta, after  a  whole  day  of  battle  they  were  turned  back.  They  evacuated  Santa  Fe 
and  retreated  southerly,  never  to  return.  But  had  the  result  been  different  they 
might  have  marched  on,  penetrating  Colorado,  cutting  off"  communication  with  the 
Pacific,  and  so  doing  incalculable  injury.  To  Col.  Slough  and  his  Colorado  troops 
are  due  great  credit  for  that  good  day's  work  ;  and  it  is  likewise  never  to  be  forgotten 
that  in  the  country's  hour  of  need.  New  Mexico  stood  as  loyal  as  Massachusetts,  and 
her  sons  went  into  the  army  to  an  extent  scarcely  equalled  elsewhere. 

I^aniy  is  sixty-five  miles  from  Las  Vegas ;  and  here  the  branch  road  for  Santa 
Fe  leaves  the  main  track.     It  is  named  after  Arch-bishop  Lamy. 

CerrillOS  (sare-reeK  yoce)  is  the  next  place  of  importance.  A  smelter  is 
located  here.  This  town  has  most  extraordinarily  rich  surroundings.  Three  miles  to 
the  north  are  the  celebrated  Cerrillos  mines.  A  short  distance  up  the  Galisteo  are 
extensive  fields  of  placer  gold.  In  almost  every  direction,  on  the  south,  are  vast 
fields  of  bituminous  coal  of  unusual  excellence,  and  what  is  most  extraordinary, 
there  are  also  large  deposits  of  anthracite  of  superior  quality  in  the  immediate  vicin- 
ity. While  the  town  is  not  large  now,  yet  with  its  situation  on  the  Galisteo,  and  its 
wonderful  surroundings,  no  place  in  the  Territory  has  a  more  certain  future. 

Cerrillos  Mines*  These  are  within  walking  distance  from  Cerrillos 
Station,  and  about  twenty  miles  from  Santa  F^.  The  most  famous  of  them  is  the 
*'  Old  Turquoise  Mine."  This  was  worked  by  the  Pueblos  from  time  immemorial. 
When  Cabeza  de  Yaca  passed  through,  in  1537,  he  saw  many  of  the  stones.     AVhen 


Towns  on  A.,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  K.  27 

Marcos  de  Niza  made  his  exploration,  in  1540,  he  repotted  that  they  were  the 
principal  ornaments  at  Cibola  and  beyond ;  and  his  description  of  them  had  much  to 
do  with  bringing  the  Expedition  of  Coronado.  During  the  Spanish  control,  before 
1680,  this  mine  was  worked  to  an  immense  extent.  The  turquoises  for  the  Spanish 
crown  came  from  here.  More  than  a  third  of  the  entire  Chalchiutl  Mountain  was 
mined  away.  Besides  this,  there  were  numerous  silver  mines  in  operation  then. 
Many  old  shafts  are  found  here  now.  The  Mina  del  Tiro  has  been  re-opened  to  the 
water  level.  Of  course  all  these  mines  were  closed  during  the  Pueblo  Revolution  of 
1680 ;  but  their  locations  are  very  observable.  This  is  one  of  the  best  mineral 
localities  in  the  Territory.  The  mines  are  generally  of  argentiferous  galena,  but  gold 
and  copper  are  also  found.  The  common  name  of  the  village  in  the  mining  district 
is  Carbonateville,  but  its  post-office  name  is  Turquesa,  (Toor-kay^sah).  A  mile  to 
the  north  is  Bonanza  City,  where  the  Marshal  Bonanza  Mine,  and  the  Gonzalez 
Reduction  Works  are. 

l^allace  is  the  next  important  town,  it  is  the  first  point  from  which  the  Rio 
Grande  is  visible.  Most  travellers  know  it  as  a  meal  station ;  but  it  has  worthier 
reasons  for  being  remembered.  It  is  the  only  turquoise  market  in  the  country.  The 
cars  are  surrounded  by  a  host  of  Pueblo  Indians  from  Banto  Domingo  who  come  to 
sell  turquoise.  It  is  always  green  and  the  most  of  it  is  imperfect ;  but  occasionally 
with  care  you  can  find  an  excellent  piece  of  good  clear  color.  Within  sight  from 
here  is  the 

Puet>lo  of  Satlto  DomingfO^  and  every  real  tourist  ought  to  stop  here 
for  a  day,  so  as  to  see  it.  It  is  an  extensive  pueblo,  and  has  the  advantage  of  show- 
ing two  styles  of  architecture,  the  ancient  and  the  modern,  as  half  of  the  town  was 
washed  away  some  years  ago  by  the  Rio  Grande,  and  those  unfortunate  enough  to  be 
left  homeless  rebuilt  on  the  east  side  of  the  town.  The  older  houses  are  entered  in 
regular  Pueblo  style,  from  the  roof,  but  the  new  ones  have  doors,  the  reason  of  the 
old  style,  for  purposes  of  defense,  having  disappeared  now.  For  the  tourist  who  does 
not  wish  to  go  far  from  a  railroad,  this  presents  the  best  opportunity  to  visit  an 
important  and  characteristic  pueblo,  and  should  not  be  missed.  The  old  church  here 
is  of  much  interest.  The  doors  have  various  carvings  upon  them,  including  the 
Spanish  coat-of-arms.  The  image  of  St.  Dominick,  (Santo  Domingo),  for  whom  the 
pueblo  is  named,  is  nearly  life-size ;  and  on  the  annual  festival  day,  (August  4th), 
IS  taken  from  the  chapel,  and  carried  in  the  procession  to  a  temporary  building  made 
of  branches  of  trees,  and  elaborately  ornamented,  and  there  remains  during  all  the 
ceremonial  dances  etc.  This  festival  lasts  all  day,  and  is  very  interesting.  No  one 
who  can  arrange  to  be  present  at  that  time  should  lose  the  opportunity.  At  this 
point  we  enter  the 

Rio  Orande  Valley.  Nothing  could  be  more  beautiful  or  more  fertile. 
Grain,  vegetables,  and  fruit  all  grow  luxuriantly.  The  size  of  the  onions,  beets, 
cabbages,  and  other  vegetables  produced,  is  extraordinary.  Vineyards  abound  on 
every  side,  and  are  found  now  all  the  way  to  El  Paso.  Peaches,apricots,plums,pears, 
apples,  etc.,  all  do  well.  While  a  large  part  of  the  valley  is  devoted  to  ordinary 
grains,  it  may  be  assumed  without  doubt  that  in  ten  years,  it  will  be  one  great 
orchard  and  vineyard  from  end  to  end,  supplying  with  its  luscious  products  the  great 
north-western  section  between  the  Mississippi  and  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

Various  pretty  villages  are  passed  as  the  train  moves  on,  among  them  Algodones 
(Al-go-do''ness),  and  Alameda  (Al-ah-mayMah),  which  are  Mexican  towns,  and  San 
Felipe  (Fay-lee^pay),  and  Sandia  (San-dee^ah),  which  are  pueblos.  The  first  town  of 
special  importance  is 

Bernalillo,  (Bair-nah-leeKyo),  which  was  long  the  county  seat  of  the  county 
of  the  same  name,  until  1883,  and  is  the  wealthiest  and  most  aristocratic  town  in  the 


R.  C.  HEISE, 


WHOLESALE  DEALER  IN 


Kentucky  Whiskies, 


IMPORTER  OF 


Wir^e^  kr\(l  di^kf  ^ 


JOBBER    OF    C^RDS, 


Bar  Fixtures,  Etc.,  Etc. 


LAS  VEGAS,  -  NEW  MEXICO, 


General  Agent  for  Samuel  Wainwright  &  Co.'s  Bottled 
Beer,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


CHAS.  ETHEEIDGE, 

Notary  Public, 

OverftZlBanJ  ALBIPEP,  N.  M. 


DKAI^S    I9i 


Insurance  in  all  Forms, 


Kepresenting  a  large  line  of  the  best  companies,  including 

Iff ntnal  I^ife  Insurance  Co.,  New  York. 

Travelers'  L.ife  and  Accident,  Hartford,  Conn. 

Ijiverpool,  London  <&  Globe  Insurance  Co. 
Commercial  Union,  I^ondon. 

Insurance  Co.  of  North  America,  Ptailadelpbta. 

Spring^field  Fire  and  Marine,  Nprlng^field,  Mass. 

Pennsylvania  Fire  Insurance  Co.,  Pliiladelpbia. 

Oerman-American  Insurance  Co.,  New  York. 
Scottish  Union  and  National,  O.  B. 

I  Western  Assurance  Company,  Toronto,  Canada, 

me  Insurance  Company,  New  York. 
Phoenix  Insurance  Office,  London. 
American  Central  Insurance  Co.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
St.  Paul  Fire  and  Marine,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
Connecticut  Fire  Insurance  Company. 


REAL    ESTATE. 


Bargains  for  Investors,  whether  to  locate  for  Business, 
Residence  or  for  Profit. 

fii^"My  List  is  open  at  all  times  to  the  anxious  enquirer,  and  I  take  pleasure  in 
showing  properties  for  sale.     Correspondence  solicited. 


28  Towns  on  A.,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R. 

valley  It  is  the  residence  of  the  Perea  family,  who  own  a  half  a  million  of  sheep, 
of  Don  Mariano  S.  Otero,  late  Delegate,  etc.  It  is  a  charming  spot,  embowered 
in  vineyards  and  orchards,  and  thus  has  been  saved  from  the  desecration  of  the 
common  grocery  and  the  saloon.  Its  church  is  an  interesting  one,  containing  a 
number  of  objects  of  value,  and  will  well  repay  a  visit.  The  Christian  Brothers 
and  the  Sisters  of  Loreto  both  have  schools  here.  From  this  point  stages  run 
to  the 

Jemez  Springes,  (Hay^mess),  situated  35  miles  north-west.  Apart 
from  the  curative  properties  of  the  waters  here,  the  situation  is  peculiarly  charming. 
No  more  beautiful  scenery  is  to  be  found  anywhere  than  in  the  vicinity  of  Jemez. 
A  large  and  interesting  Pueblo  town  is  near  at  hand,  and  not  far  distant  are  the 
celebrated  ruins  of  the  Old  Pueblo.  Every  foot  here  is  full  of  historic  interest.  In 
this  little  valley,not  far  from  Zia  (See^ah)  and  Santa  Ana,  Coronado  and  his  successors 
in  travel  found  the  largest  of  the  Pueblo  cities.  From  the  earliest  records  Jemez 
itself  was  a  place  of  importance.  Here  Espejo  came  in  1583 ;  hjere  the  priest,  Juan 
de  Jesus,  was  cruelly  killed  in  1680;  here  Vargas  held  his  conferences  with  the  na- 
tive authorities  in  1692.  To  write  the  whole  history  would  require  a  volume.  But 
no  one  has  thoroughly  seen  New  Mexico  who  has  not  been  to  Jemez. 

The  Old  Placers,  (Plah-sair^s)  :Ne-w  Placers,  &C.,  are  reached 
either  from  Bernalillo  or  from  Wallace.  The  Old  Placers  were  first  discovered  in 
1828,  by  a  herder  from  Sonora,  who  found  particles  of  gold  in  the  sand ;  and  quickly 
attracted  a  crowd  of  fortune-seekers.  The  washing  was  done  by  hand  or  in  small 
"rockers,"  water  being  very  scarce  and  the  greater  part  of  the  work  being  done  in  the 
winter,  when  melted  snow  was  used.  From  $60,000  to  $80,000  a  year  was  thus  ex- 
tracted. The  principal  village  of  the  region  was  called  Dolores.  In  1839  the  "  New 
Placers"  were  discovered  a  short  distance  to  the  south-west,  and  the  miners  soon 
crowded  to  the  new  Eldorado,  The  village  of  Tuerto  quickly  grew  into  a  bustling 
town,  and  in  1845  contained  no  less  than  twenty-two  stores.  For  several  years  the 
product  of  this  entire  region  was  about  $250,000  annually ;  but  the  limit  to  the 
crude,  hand-working  processes  employed  was  finally  reached,  and  the  vast  stores  of 
golden  dust  beneath  the  surface  now  awaits  the  development  for  which  capital  to 
bring  a  full  supply  of  water  is  required.  The  "  Old  Copper  Mine"  at  San  Pedro  is 
now  being  extensively  worked;  and, besides  its  great  value,produces  the  most  beautiful 
cabinet  specimens  of  rich  colors  that  can  be  imagined. 

Oolden  is  a  new  mining  town  which  has  taken  the  place  of  Taerto,  and  in  the 
future  bids  fair  to  be  one  of  the  most  prosperous  mining  centers  in  New  Mexico. 


Ffteen  miles  below  Bernalillo  and  918  from  Kansas  City,  on  the  east  bank  of  thP 
Eio  Grande,  stands  Albuquerque  (Al-boo-kair^kay),  named  in  honor  of  the  Duke  of 
Albuquerque,  who  was  Governor  and  Captain-General  of  New  Mexico  in  1705.  It 
is  the  county  seat  of  Bernalillo  county,  and  one  of  the  most  flourishing  cities  of  the 
South-west.  The  old  town  is  situated  directly  on  the  Rio  Grande,  but  when  the  rail- 
road was  constructed  it  was  unfortunately  placed  so  far  to  the  east  as  to  cause  the 
building  of  a  separate  town,  often  called  New  All)uquerque.  The  growth  and  pros- 
perity of  this  new  town  have  been  phenomenal,  fine  blocks  of  substantial  buildings 
attesting  to  the  enterprise  and  business  success  of  the  citizens.  "While  the  "new  town'' 
will  attract  the  merchant,  the  tourist  will  be  drawn  to  Old  Albuquerque,  with  its 
groves  of  fruit-trees,  its  beautiful  vineyards,  and  its  spacious  adobe  houses,  telling  of 


I 


Towns  on  A.,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R.  •  29 

the  generous  hospitality  of  those  who  dwell  therein.  The  great  church  on  the  Plaza 
will  first  attract  attention ;  but  the  lover  of  art  and  antiquities  will  be  disap- 
pointed to  find  that  it  contains  little  of  historic  or  artistic  interest.  The  records 
here  extend  back  to  1743,  but  the  church  building  itself  is  comparatively 
modern.  Adjoining  it  is  a  college  in  charge  of  the  Jesuit  Fathers,  who  have  their 
head-(]uarters  in  the  Territory  here.  There  is  also  a  Sisters'  School.  The  Albuquer- 
que Academy  was  founded  ih  1879,  moved  to  the  new  town  in  1882,  and  is  a  very 
flourishing  institution,  with  over  150  scholars.  Almost  all  churches  and  denomina- 
tions are  represented  here  by  religious  edifices  of  solidity,  taste,  and  beauty.  The 
Territorial  Fair  is  held  here  each  fall,  permanent  fair-grounds  having  been  arranged, 
including  exhibition-buildings,  race-track,  etc.  The  display  of  fruit  and  vegetables, 
the  product  of  the  valley,  is  surpassed  nowhere  in  the  country.  The  attention  of  the 
tourist  is  called  to  the  fact,  which  otherwise  might  escape  his  observation,  that  the 
great  majority  of  the  buildings  here,  which,  apparently  are  constructed  of  ordinary 
adobes,  that  is  of  sun-dried,  moulded  bricks,  are  in  reality  built  of  blocks  of  a  pecul- 
iar turf,  full  of  interlacing  roots,  cut  of  the  proper  size,  and  then  sun-dried.  These 
are  used  in  many  places  in  the  valley  in  place  of  moulded  adobes,  and  are  by  some 
thought  to  be  even  more  durable. 

Albuquerque  has  always  been  celebrated  for  the  beauty  of  its  ladies,  and  even  a 
short  visit  will  prove  to  the  observer  that  it  has  not  deteriorated  in  that  respect. 
Oddly  enough,  two  books  written  forty  years  apart,  by  persons  both  of  whom  saw  the 
city  as  virtual  prisoners,  bear  witness  to  this  singular  beauty  of  the  girls  of  this  city. 
Kendall,  in  his  "  Santa  F^  Expedition,^'  in  describing  the  privations  and  cruelties 
incident  to  the  march  to  himself  and  the  other  prisoners  from  San  Miguel  to  El  Paso, 
stops  to  pay  a  glowing  tribute  to  the  beauty  of  a  girl  who  was  watching  the  prisoners 
pass,  from  an  adobe  wall  in  Albuquerque ;  and  Lieutenant  Pike,  in  his  account  of 
his  enforced  march  to  Chihuahua,  speaks  of  a  dinner  which  he  enjoyed  in  this  city 
through  the  hospitality  of  a  leading  citizen,  and  adds  "  and  to  crown  all,  we  were 
waited  on  by  half  a  dozen  of  those  beautiful  girls,  who  like,  Hebe  at  the  feast  of  the 
gods,  converted  our  wine  into  nectar,  and  with  their  ambrosial  breath  shed  incense 
on  our  cups " !  Surely  if  captives  can  be  so  enthusiastic,  there  must  be  reason 
for  admiration. 

The  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad  makes  its  connection  with  the  A.,  T.  &  S.  F.  at 
Albuquerque,  and  has  here  its  oflBces,    shops,  etc.,  which  form  quite  a   village   of 
themselves.     That  railroad,  with  its  towns  and  scenic  attractions,  will  be  spoken  of 
reafter. 

Proceeding  on  our  route  southerly,  we  next  come  to 

Isleta,  (Eace-late^ah),  about  ten  miles  distant.  This  is  an  Indian  Pueblo,  the 
most  southerly  of  any,  and  one  of  the  most  interesting.  The  language  spoken  here 
is  entirely  different  from  that  of  most  of  the  pueblos  in  this  vicinity,  but  is  identical 
with  that  of  Taos,  which  is  the  most  northerly  pueblo.  This  strange  distribution  of 
the  Pueblo  languages  has  never  been  explained.  Ten  miles  further  on  we  come  to 
LrOS  Lrtltias  (Loce  Loo^nass),  the  county  seat  of  Valencia.  This  is  a  purely 
Mexican  town,  and  has  long  been  the  residence  of  the  Luna  family,  for  whom  it  is 
named.  Great  quantities  of  sheep  are  owned  here,  but  they  are  kept  on  ranches  at  a 
distance.     Proceeding  still  another  ten  miles  we  arrive  at 

Belen  (Bay-lain^),  another  typical  Mexican  town ;  and  the  residence  of  one 
important  branch  of  the  Chavez  family.  The  whole  Rio  Grande  valley  for  many 
miles  along  here  is  one  continuous  line  of  vineyards,  orchards,  and  fields  of  grain, 
the  houses  being  so  close  as  to  constitute  almost  an  unbroken  village.  Many  leading 
families  reside  here,  nearly  all  being  large  sheep-owners.  The  next  place  of  special 
importance  is 


i 


STOVER,  CRARY  &  CO., 


WHOLESALE  GROCERS 


ALBUQUEEQUE,  N.  M. 


A  LARGE  AND  COMPLETE  LINE  OF 


Staple  and  Fancy   Groceries. 


Provisions,  Flour  and  Feed. 


AGENTS   FOR   THE   CELEBRATED 


SCHEUTTLER    W  J^GrOl^S 


•AND- 


DIAMOND   CREAMERY    BUTTER. 


Hudson  HotSprings. 

These  Springs  are  in  Grant  County,  JNew  Mexico,  near  Hudson  Station,  half  way 
between  Deming  and  Silver  City,  on  Silver  City  &  Deming  Railroad.  The  waters 
are  strongly  impregnated  with  IRON,  MAGNESIA,  and  other  medical  ingredients, 
and  are  a  sure  cure  for  RHEUMATISM,  MERCURIAL  DISEASES,  SKIN  and 
KIDNEY  COMPLAINTS.  They  are  5,000  feet  above  sea-level,  and  are  beautifully 
situated  in  the  centre  of  the  richest  mineral  country  of  New  Mexico. 

Terms  Reasonable.  IRXCD^EJIJ^JEIID  HTJDSOlsr, 

The  Famous  Ojo  feliente  Hot  Springs, 

XAOS  COUKXY,  JiElJV  MEXICO, 

Are  situated  west  of  the  D.  <fe  R.  G.  R.  R.  and  12  miles  from  Barranca  Station,  from  which 
point  a  daily  line  of  Stages  run  to  the  Sprina;s.  The  temperature  is  122,  altitude  6,000 
feet.  The  gases  are  carbonic.  There  is  now  a  commodious  hotel  for  the  convenience  of 
invalids  and  tourists,  and  the  reputation  of  these  valuable  waters  is  fast  widening.  An 
analysis  of  the  Ojo  Caliente  waters  shows  a  total  of  288.09  parts,  divided  as  follows  ; 


Sodium  Carbonate 196.95 

Calcium  Carbonate 4  20 

Iron  Carbonate 20.12 

Sodium  Chloride 40.03 

Lithium  Carbonate 1.22 

The  efficacy  of  these  waters  has  been  thoroughly  tested  and  numberless  cures  attest  to 
their  wondei-f ul  healing  properties.    For  farther  particulars,  address 


Magnesium  Carbonate 6.10 

Potassium  Sulphate 5.29 

Silicic  Acid 4.10 

Arsenic 10.08 


ANTHONY  JOSEPH,  PROP'R, 

OJO  CALIENTE,  NEW  MEXICO. 


THE  SCENIC  LINE  OF  AMERICA. 


DENVER  &  EIO  GRANDE  E.  R. 

[ii  Colorado,  New  Mexico,  and  Utah. 

The  New  scenic  route  to  Utah,  Montana,  and  the  Pacific  Coast.  The  best  route, 
because  the  most  convenient,  the  most  picturesque,  the  most  direct,  opening  to  the 
ranchman  over  a  million  acres  of  fertile  land,  to  the  stock-grower  vast  ranges  yet 
unclaimed,  and  to  the  miner  regions  rich  in  the  precious  metals.  Xlie  Denver 
&  Rio  Orande  Express  is  operated  in  connection  with  the  railway,  and 
guarantees  prompt  and  efficient  service  at  reasonable  rates. 
F.  C.  XimS,  D.  C.  OODGH, 

^-Gen'l  Pass.  &  Tick.  Agt.  DENVER,  COHL  Gen'l  Man'r. 

I        JAY  SEDGWICK^ 

ATTORNEY  AT  LAW. 

SAN  HARCIAI.,  XE^V  MEXICO. 


fins  Rancfe  &  Mining  Properties  for  Disposal.   Practice  in  all  Sourts  of  the  Ter. 


30  Towns  on  A.,  T.  ct  S.  F.  R.  R. 

Socorro  (So-core^ro).  This  is  a  city,  and  the  county  seat  of  Socorro  County. 
The  old  town  is  situated  on  a  beautiful  piece  of  slightly  elevated  land,  half  a  mile 
from  the  river.  The  town  was  named  for  Our  Lady  of  Succor,  and  was  one  of  the 
early  Spanish  settlements.  At  that  time  there  was  a  number  of  Pueblo  towns  in  the 
vicinity,  the  largest  being  at  Senecu,  a  short  distance  south.  During  the  Pueblo 
revolution  of  1680,  Socorro  was  entirely  destroyed,  and  when  Vargas  crossed  the  river 
to  visit  the  town  in  1692,  he  found  everything,  including  the  old  church,  completely 
in  ruins.  He  paid  a  visit  to  the  warm  spring  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain,  and  then 
continued  on  his  journey  toward  Santa  F^. 

Socorro  has  a  future  in  prospect  not  surpassed  by  any  city  in  the  Territory.  It 
is  literally  surrounded  by  mining  camps  of  exceptional  richness  ;  and  it  is  situated  in 
the  center  of  a  splendid  agricultural  and  horticultural  region  of  the  valley.  For  a 
place  of  residence  it  has  no  equal  on  the  Rio  Grande.  Local  causes,  unnecessary  to 
recall,  for  some  time  held  it  back  ;  but  its  day  of  prosperity  is  sure  to  come.  The 
tourist  who  takes  an  interest  in  such  things  will  have  a  fine  opportunity  to  examine 
both  a  Stamp  Mill  and  Smelting  Works  but  a  short  walk  from  the  town.  The  moun- 
tain views  here  are  beautiful,  and  charming  drives  can  be  had  in  half-concealed 
canons  shaded  by  evergreens  and  varieties  of  the  poplar.  The  church  is,  as  usual, 
the  principal  place  to  visit ;  but  while  large,  it  is  not  very  old.  The  zealous  anti- 
quarian will  find  much  of  interest,  however,  by  examining  the  foundations  of  the 
original  church,  which  are  plainly  recognizable  just  behind  the  present  edifice,  and 
which  were  deprived  of  their  upper  structure  over  two  centuries  ago.  The  great 
spring  which  Vargas  journeyed  to  see  in  1692,  should  certainly  be  visited.  It  is 
quite  warm,  and  the  volume  of  water  surprisingly  large.  The  zealous  Sisters  of 
Loreto  have  one  of  their  schools  here,  and  always  courteously  receive  visitors.  Pro- 
fessor Longuemare,  if  in  town,  should  be  seen,  as  he  has  a  fine  collection  of  New 
Mexican  antiquities  which  he  is  always  ready  to  show  to  those  who  appreciate  such 
treasiures. 

Socorro  is  the  starting  point  for  so  many  surrounding  towns  and  mining  camps 
that  it  is  diflScult  to  enumerate  them.  Among  the  most  important,  however,  are 
White  Oaks,  the  Madalenas,  the  Oscuras,  the  Black  Range,  and  the  Mogollons. 
Twenty  miles  below  Socorro  we  pass  the  battle-field  of 

"Valverde,  one  of  the  battles  of  the  Kebellion  commemorated  on  the  monu- 
ment at  Santa  Fe  ;  and  seven  miles  more  bring  us  to 

San  IMLarcial,  where  a  flourishing  town  is  growing  up  around  the  depot, 
while  the  quaint  old  Mexican  town  of  that  name  is  about  a  mile  distant.  This  is  the 
point  from  which  Fort  Craig,  a  well-known  U.  S.  military  post,  is  reached.  A  little 
south  of  San  Marcial  the  railroad  crosses  to  the  east  side  of  the  Rio  Grande,  and 
then  leaving  the  river,  passes  along  the  celebrated 

Jornada  del  Muerto,  or  "  Journey  of  Death,"  an  extensive  desert  with- 
out water,  which  was  the  terror  of  the  early  travellers. 

Hngfle  is  a  station  sixty-five  miles  south  of  Socorro,  from  which  stages  run  to 
the  Black  Range  ;  and  it  is  also  the  starting  point  to  the  San  Andres  Mining  District. 
Tlie  Black  Rang^e  district  is  one  of  the  richest  in  New  Mexico,  both 
in  mines  and  in  beautiful,  well-watered  spots  for  ranches  and  orchards.  Until 
recently  it  was  mostly  included  in  the  "  Hot  Springs  Indian  Reservation,"  and  after 
that  was  taken  from  the  Indians,  they  continued  to  return  to  the  beautiful  country 
which  they  loved,  and  many  bloody  scenes  occurred  in  the  early  settlement.  This 
retarded  settlement. 

Fainrie-w,  Chloride,  Rotiinson,  and  Orafton  are  the  principal 
towns  in  the  Black  Range,  Fairview  being  the  first  reached,  near  the  Cuchilla  Negra 
(Coo-cheeKyah  Nay''grah)  Mountains,  and  Chloride,  a  well-laid-out  and  beautifully 


TowxNS  ON  A.,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R.  31 

situated  town,  at  the  mouth  of  Chloride  Gulch.  The  stage  passes  through  the  Mexi- 
can town  of  Cuehilla  Negra,  which  is  of  considerable  size  and  surrounded  by  green 
fields  and  rich  pastures. 

Rincofl  (Reen-con^e),  meaning  a  "corner,"  is  the  point  of  junction  of  the  line 
of  railroad  proceeding  south  to  El  Paso  and  that  which  goes  westerly  to  Deming. 

Continuing  our  journey  on  the  former,  we  follow  the  course  of  the  Rio  Grande 
into  the  rich  and  beautiful 

Mesilla  Valley.  Tkis  is  perhaps  the  most  fertile  tract  in  the  Territory— 
in  fact  nothing  anywhere  can  excel  it — and  its  southern  situation,  as  well  as  low 
altitude,  makes  its  season  full  a  month  in  advance  of  the  northern  parts  of  New  Mex- 
ico. A  considerable  portion  of  this  valley  was  not  included  in  the  original  bounda- 
ries of  the  Territory,  but  was  afterwards  acquired  by  the  United  States  as  part  of 
the  "Gadsden  Purchase."  Grapes  of  all  kinds  flourish  here;  fine  fig  trees  maybe 
seen  in  full  bearing :  and  almost  every  kind  of  fruit  abounds.  To  the  east  are  the 
Organ  Mountains,  whose  sharp  peaks  present  an  appearance  different  from  almost 
any  other  range,  and  apart  from  their  mineral  richness,  add  materially  to  the  beauty 
of  the  landscape.     The  principal  town  of  the  valley  is 

l<as  Cruces,  (The  Crosses)  which  is  now  the  county  seat  of  Dona  Ana  Coun- 
ty, the  Legislature  having  passed  an  act  removing  it  to  this  point,  in  1882.  The 
Court  house  is  situated  about  half  way  between  the  old  town  and  ihe  railroad  depot, 
and  with  the  adjoining  jail,  cost  $40,000.  When  entirely  completed,  it  is  expected 
to  be  the  finest  in  New  Mexico.  Beautiful  vineyards  and  orchards  are  on  every  side, 
and  fruit  of  all  kinds  abounds  from  July  to  October.  A  large  wholesale  business  js 
done  by  the  merchants  here,  who  supply  retail  establishments  in  all  directions.  The 
principal  attraction  to  the  tourist  is  the  church,  which,  although  not  old,  having 
been  built  about  1854,  yet  contains  a  number  of  interesting  paintings  removed  from 
former  edifices.  The  church  itself  is  of  enormous  length,  being  no  less  than  215  feet 
from  front  to  rear,  and  is  built  in  the  usual  style.  The  principal  pictures  are  of 
Spanish  origin  and  date  back  about  two  centuries.  Behind  the  altar  are  two  large 
paintings,  respectively,  of  Santo  Domingo  and  Santo  Rita,  between  them  being  a 
beautiful  modern  statue  of  St.  Genevieve.  Statues  of  the  Virgin  and  St.  Joseph  of 
similar  style  are  in  the  body  of  the  church.  In  the  sacristy  are  old  paintings  of  St 
James  and  St.  John  Baptist,  and  also  of  a  female  saint,  bearing  the  palm  and  the 
chains  as  emblems  of  her  martyrdom.  On  the  bther  side  is  a  good  example  of  Mex- 
ican art  in  a  picture  of  Nuestra  Stuora  del  Refugio.  The  Ostensoitum  should  not  be 
overlooked,  as  it  is  very  large,  elaborately  made  of  silver  heavily  plated  with  gold, 
and  altogether  superior  to  those  usually  seen. 

At  the  south  end  of  the  main  street  stands  the  Academy  of  the  Visitation,  an 
excellent  school,  in  charge  of  the  Sisters  of  Loreto,  where  about  two  hundred  pupils 
are  annually  educated.  The  public  school  is  one  of  the  best  in  the  Territory  and 
well  worthy  a  visit. 

l^esilla  (MesseeKyah)  is  a  beautiful  village  about  three  miles  south-west 
from  Las  Cruces.  It  is  embowered  in  vineyards  and  orchards,  and  its  gardens  are 
visions  of  beauty  in  the  summer.  For  many  years  it  was  the  county  seat  of  Dona 
Ana  County,  and  the  seat  of  a  land-oftice,  but  both  of  these  advantages  were  lost  in 
1882  and  1883.  No  tourist  should  fail  to  visit  the  vineyard  of  T.  J.  Bull,  Esq.,  which 
is  one  of  the  largest  and  most  successful  in  the  Territory.  On  one  side  of  the  plaza 
stands  the  parish  church,  which  does  not  possess  any  paintings,  but  contains  four  ad- 
mirably executed  statues  in  the  modern  French  style.  That  behind  the  altar  rep- 
resents San  Albino ;  to  the  left  and  right  are  images  of  Our  Savior  and  the  Virgin, 
and  half  way  down  the  nave,  on  the  left  side,  is  a  statue  of  San  Jos^.  The  only  ob- 
jects of  interest  to  the  antiquary  are  two  large  stone  fonts,  which  will  well  repay 


GRAND  CANYON  OF  THE  COLORADO,  ON  LINE  OF  A.  xfe  P.  R.  R. 


LAND  GRANT 


■OF  THE- 


Atlantic  and  Pacific  Railroad  (5o,, 


20,000,000  Acres  of  Land  for  Sale  in  New  Mexico  and  Arizona. 

The  Land  Grant  of  this  Company  extends  entirely  across  the  Territories  of  New- 
Mexico  and  Arizona,  between  the  34tli  and  36th  degrees  of  north  latitude,  with  a  width  of 
80  miles,  and  comprises  the  best  grazing  lands  of  both  Territories,  and  in  the  valleys  are 
many  desirable  localities  of  good  agricultural  lands  susceptible  of  irrigation.  A  suffi- 
ciency of  water  has  been  found  wherever  cattle  and  sheep  have  been  grazed,  and  large 
herds  have  been  grazed  in  the  country  west  of  Albuquerque  ever  since  the  coming  of  the 
Mexicans.  Wells  with  good  water  have  been  successfully  sunk.  On  the  very  summit  of 
the  Sierra  Madre,  in  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Wingate,  the  large  herds  of  the  Navajo  Indians 
(a  tribe  numbering  some  12,000  or  15,000  souls)  have  been  grazed  for  the  last  hundred  years, 
and  good  crops  of  corn,  oats,  barley  and  garden  vegetables  are  grown  by  irrigation. 

A  stream  of  running  water  (the  Rio  San  Jose)  rises  near  the  summit  of  the  Sierra 
Madre,  and  runs  eastward  seventy-flve  miles  to  the  Rio  Puerco.  The  company's  road 
traverses  the  whole  length  of  the  valley  of  the  San  Jose.  There  are  numerous  fine  val- 
leys opening  out  to  the  valley  of  the  San  Jose,  flanked  by  grassy  and  wooded  hills,  upon 
which  there  is  an  open  growth  of  small  cedar  and  pinon.  There  is  an  extensive  belt  of 
good  pine  timber  on  the  mountains,  near  the  railroad,  and  numerous  large  springs  are 
found  on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  Sierra  Madre.  There  is  a  large  coal  field  west  of  Fort 
Wingate  which  is  fully  explored,  and  which  will  soon  provide  labor  for  a  large  popula- 
tion ;  and  there  ai'e  coal  deposits  on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  Sierra  Madre.  Many  varie- 
ties of  building  stone  are  found  in  great  quantity  along  the  line  of  the  railroad. 

In  Arizona  the  grazing  areas  are  supplied  with  good  water,  and  the  grazing  is 
described  by  competent  United  States  surveyors  to  be  equal  to,  if  not  better,  than  that  of 
Wyoming  or  Montana.  The  Navajo  Indians  grow  corn  each  season,  without  irrigation,  in 
the  valley  of  the  Puerco  of  the  west,  on  the  Company's  land;  on  the  line  of  the  road,  and 
good  crops  of  corn,  sorghum,  oats,  barley,  and  garden  vegetables  are  grown  in  the  valley 
of  the  Little  Coloi'ado. 

There  is  an  extensive  timber  belt  on  the  San  Francisco  mountains,  through  which  the 
line  of  the  railroad  passes,  diversified  by  beautiful  valleys  and  parks,  with  good  water, 
and  wonderful  canyons. 

The  line  of  the  road  traverses  a  picturesque  country,  not  at  all  monotonous,  and  much 
)re  inviting  than  were  the  plains  of  Kansas. 

The  road  is  completed  and  in  operation  to  the  Colorado  River,  575  miles  from  Albu- 
querque, N.  M.,  and  there  connects  with  the  railroad  system  of  California,  reaching  San 
Diego,  Los  Angeles,  and  all  points  on  the  Pacific  coast  to  San  Francisco,  and  shortens  the 
distances  by  300  miles. 

The  valley  of  the  Rio  Grande  has  an  elevation  of  5,000  feet  above  the  sea,  and  the 
passes  of  the  Sierra  Madre,  and  the  San  Francisco  mountains' in  Arizona,  have  an  eleva- 
tion of  7,000  feet,  with  a  depression  at  Winslow,  on  the  Little  Colorado,  of  5,000  feet  eleva- 
tion ;  which  gives  a  salubrious  climate  of  mild  winters,  and  cool  nights  in  summer,  and 
insures  a  healthful  climate  and  a  promise  of  thrifty  and  prosperous  states  when  the  Ter- 

«k)ries  shall,  within  a  few  years,  be  established  as  such. 
,  Maps  will  be  forwarded  on  application,  and  accredited  persons  desirous  of  inspecting 
azing  lands  with  a  view  to  purchase  and  establish  grazing  ranches,  will  be  given  facili- 
ties for  that  purpose.  Address, 


THOMAS  A.  SEIIGWICK, 

^^.  I^and  Agent, 


JAMES  A.  WILLIAMSON, 

liand  €oninils»*ioner, 

87  Milk  St.  Boston,  Mass. 


32  Towns  on  A.,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R 


inspection.    In  this  town  there  is  a  weekly  newspaper,  the  Mesilla  News,  ably  edited 
for  many  years  by  Ira  M.  Bond. 

Originally  the  Kio  Grande  ran  between  Mesilla  and  Las  Graces,  but  a  sudden 
change  in  the  course  has  brought  them  both  on  the  same  side. 

Forty-four  miles  from  Las  Cruces,  and  340  from  Santa  Fe,  is  the  city  of 
El  Paso,  Texas.      It   takes   its   name,  as   does   Paso   del    Norte  (Pass'o  de 
Nor^tay),  across  the  river  in  Mexico,  from  the  ford  in  the  Rio  Grande  at  that  point, 
which  has  been  for  centuries  the  crossing-place  for  travellers. 

These  places  are,  of  course,  beyond  our  limits,  and  we  only  venture  to  say  that 
El  Paso  has  railroad  advantages  which  cannot  fail  to  make  it  an  important  business 
center;  that  Paso  del  Norte  is  a  quaint  Mexican  town,  containing  a  large  and 
interesting  church,  which  should  surely  be  visited,  and  where  the  same  Padre  Ortiz 
whose  kindness  Kendall  and  Ruxton  so  warmly  wrote  of  in  1842  and  1846,  officiated 
for  forty  years;  and  that  no  tourist  having  even  two  days  to  spare,  or  in  fact  if  he 
has  to  take  the  time  from  other  places,  should  fail  to  see 

Clliliualiua,  which  is  a  city  of  nearly  20,000  inhabitants,  built  of  white 
stone,  with  which  the  streets  are  also  flagged,  and  in  true  Mexican  style ;  containing 
a  magnificent  parish  church  which  cost  over  $700,000,  and  would  require  pages  to 
describe  ;  and  whose  marketplace,  plaza,  alameda,  and  other  churches  are  places 
of  too  much  interest  to  be  neglected  or  passed  unobserved.  Besides  all  which,  Chi- 
huahua is  the  cleanest  and  the  best  policed  city  on  the  continent. 

From  El  Paso  the  Mexican  Central  Railroad  proceeds  directly  south  toward  the 
City  of  Mexico,  the  Southern  Pacific  runs  north-west  to  Deming  and  California,  and 
on  the  east  is  the  whole  system  of  Texas  Railroads. 

Going  back  now  to  Rincon,  in  order  to  take  the  other  branch  of  the  A.,  T.  &  S.  F. 
R.  R.,  which  leads  to  Deming,  and  ultimately  by  its  extension,  the  Sonora  Railroad, 
to  Hermosillo,  (Air-mo-seeKyo),  and  Guaymas  (Give''mas),  in  Sonora,  we  find  the 
only  place  worthy  of  mention  between  Rincon  and  Deming  to  be 

^Utt,  named  after  the  well-known  railroad  official.  While  this  town  itself  is 
small,  it  is  important  as  being  the  station  for  Lake  Valley,  Kingston,  etc. 

Lrake  Valley  is  twelve  miles  distant,  by  stage,  and  is  perhaps  the  most 
wonderful  mineral  locality  for  silver  in  the  world.  Here  are  the  celebrated  "Sierra" 
mines,  and  the  unique  and  beautiful  "  Bridal  Chamber,"  where  much  of  the  ore  is 
worth  from  $8  to  $10  per  pound. 

Hillsliorotlg'll  is  a  flourishing  mining  town,  about  eighteen  miles  north  of 
Lake  Valley  ;  and  about  twenty  miles,  north-west  of  the  latter,  and  twelve  miles  from 
Hillsborough,  by  the  road,  lies 

KingfSton,  the  central  town  of  the  celebrated  Percha  Mining  District,  the 
discoveries  in  which  made  such  an  excitement  in  1882. 

Returning  to  the  railroad  again, 

Deming:  is  the  junction  of  the  A.,  T.  &.  S.  F.  R.  R.  and  the  S.  P.  R.  R.  It 
was  laid  out  in  the  spring  of  1881,  and  is  already  a  place  of  importance,  but  its 
railroad  position  assures  it  a  large  increase  of  prosperity  and  growth  in  the  future. 
The  Florida  (Flo-ree'dah),  Mountains,  and  the  Tres  Hermanos  (Trace  Air-man-oce). 
Three  Brothers,  south  of  Deming,  are  both  promising  mining  regions.  The  United 
States  Custom-house  is  located  here.  At  Deming  passengers  for  Arizona,  California, 
or  Sonora,  change  cars  to  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  The  only  point  of  im- 
portance on  that  railroad,  in  New  Mexico,  is 

L«ords1>11l*Sfll9  which  is  in  the  center  of  an  important  mining  section,  and  the 
station  for  San  Simon  (San  See-mon^e),  and  Shakspeare  (which  was  formerly  called 
Ralston). 


I 


Atlantic  &'  Pacific  Railroad.  33 

Tourists  in  this  direction  should  be  sure  to  stop  at 

Tucson,  to  see  the  quaint  Spanish  town,  and  the  singular  church  of  San 
Javier  (Have-e-air^),  with  its  highly  colored  arabesque  ornamentation.  From  Dem- 
ing  a  narrow-gauge  railroad  proceeds  to 

Silver  City,  which  is  the  county  seat  of  Grant  County,  and  one  of  the  most 
prosperous  and  progressive  towns  in  the  Territory.  This  city  has  been  built  entirely 
from  the  product  of  the  mines  in  its  vicinity;  and  while  many  of  these  are  largely 
developed,  new  discoveries  of  importance  are  constantly  made.  The  principal  public 
buildings  are  the  Court-house  and  the  Public  School,  but  the  city  abounds  in  fine 
business  houses  and  private  residences.  The  visitor  should  not  fail  to  visit  some  of 
the  principal  mines  and  mining  works  while  here.  Those  of  Hon.  M.  W.  Bremen 
are  of  world-wide  reputation.     From  here  stages  run  to 

Oeor^eto^Wti,  a  thriving  mining  town  about  twenty  miles  north-west,  and 
pass  on  the  way  the  celebrated 

Santa  Rita  Mines,  which  are  the  oldest  and  largest  copper  mines  in  the 
South-west.  They  were  discovered  in  the  year  1800  by  Col.  Carrisco,  who  soon  after 
sold  them  to  Don  Francisco  Manuel  Elguea,  a  capitalist  of  Chihauhau.  The  copper 
was  so  pure  that  it  was  all  bought  by  the  Mexican  government  for  coinage.  The 
present  works  at  these  mines  are  very  extensive. 

The  Old  Hanover  Mines  are  near  at  hand,  and  while  not  worked  now, 
the  ruins  of  the  old  smelters  which  were  deserted  on  account  of  Indians,  years  ago, 
bear  evidence  to  their  extent. 


The  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad. 

^  This  railroad  runs  westerly  from  Albuqueque  to  California,  following  as  nearly 
as  practicable  the  35°  of  latitude.  It  passes  through  a  country  of  much  interest  to 
the  tourist,  both  historically  and  scenically ;  and  also  through  mineral  regions  of 
large  extent— especially  coal-fields  sufficiently  great  to  supply  almost  the  whole 
nation. 

The  two  Pueblo  towns  which  are  the  most  conspicuous  in  the  early  Spanish  his- 
tory are  Zuiii  (Soon^yee)  and  Acoma,  known  in  Coronado's  time  as  Cibola  and 
Acuco.  Cibola  was  the  capital  of  the  "  Seven  Cities,"  the  glowing  descriptions  of 
which  induced  the  first  Spanish  expeditions.  Here  Estevanico,  the  companion  of 
Cabeza  de  Vaca,  was  killed  in  1540,  and  Friar  Marcos,  while  viewing  the  city  from 
afar,  did  not  dare  enter  it.  The  next  year  came  Coronado,  and  besides  visiting  Zuiii, 
was  the  first  European  to  see  Acoma,  built  on  its  dizzy  height,  and  almost  inaccess- 
ible on  account  of  the  steepness  of  the  ascent.  This  whole  country  is  historic ;  and 
these  two  points  alone  are  well  worth  a  trip  across  the  continent  to  visit.  Both 
are  reached  from  stations  on  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad.  On  the  line  of  the 
road  itself  is  situated 

Lrag^una,  (Lah-goon^ah),  one  of  the  most  populous  and  interesting  Pueblo 
towns.  It  is  the  only,  remaining  village  of  a  populous  province  of  natives  which 
existed  here  300  years  ago.  In  1882  a  company  of  Territorial  Militia  was  organized 
here,  consisting  entirely  of  Pueblo  Indians. 

Not  far  from  Zuni  stands  the  Moro,  or  Inscription  Eock,  upon  which  are 
recorded  the  names  of  many  distinguished  travellers, who  have  passed  this  way  dur- 
ing three  centuries,  including  Goveraiors,  Generals,  and  Bishops.  North-west  of 
Zuni,  in  Arizona,  are  the 


34  The  Denver  &  Rio  Grande,  Etc.  ■ 

moqui  VillagfeS,  (Mo^'kee)  which,  in  1540,  constituted  the  Province  of 
Totonteac,  which  Friar  Marcos  was  told  was  the  "  most  powerful  kingdom  in  the 
world,"  and  which  are  the  least  changed  by  time  of  any  of  the  Pueblo  towns. 

In  natural  scenery  this  route  is  very  rich.  There  are  the  volcanic  craters  in  the 
San  Mates  Mountains ;  the  new  "  Garden  of  the  Gods,"  near  Chavez  Station ;  those 
celebrated  pieces  of  Nature's  architecture,  called  the  "  Navajo  Church,"  and  Pyramid 
Rock,  near  Ft.  Wingate ;  Clear  Creek  Canon  and  the  Canon  Diablo,  both  of  great 
beauity ;  and  crowning  all,  the  Grand  Canon  of  the  Colorado,  too  well  known  to  need 
description,  but  which  is,  undoubtedly,  the  grandest  natural  wonder  of  the  world. 


The    Denver   &    Rio    Grande    and    Texas, 

Santa  Fe  &  Northern  R.  R's.,  and 

country  adjacent. 

The  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  R.  R.  enters  the  Territory  just  south  of  Antonito,  and 
proceeds  almost  directly  southerly  to  Espanola,  thirty  miles  from  Santa  F^,  where  it 
joins  the  T.,  S.  F.  &  N.  R.  R.,  which  makes  the  connecting  link  to  Snnta  F^. 

From  Antonito  a  branch  of  the  D  &  R.  G.  proceeds  westerly,  partly  in  New 
Mexico  and  partly  in  Colorado,  to  Durango  and  Silverton. 

The  principal  points  of  interest  on  these  routes,  in  New  Mexico,  starting  from 
Santa  F^,  are  as  follows  : 

San  Yldefonso,  (Eel-de-fon^e-so).  This  is  an  Indian  pueblo,  on  the  east 
bank  of  the  Rio  Grande,  about  twenty-tWo  miles  from  Santa  F^.  It  is  built  around 
a  plaza,  in  the  usual  style,  most  of  the  houses  being  two  stories  high.  Fine  fields 
surround  the  town ;  and  the  women  of  this  pueblo  are  noted  for  their  good  looks, 
and,  especially,  brilliant  eyes.  This  was  a  very  important  town  when  the  Spaniards 
first  arrived,  and  was  the  seat  of  the  first  Franciscan  Monastery  in  the  Territory. 
The  Mesa,  or  flat-topped  hill,  just  north  of  the  pueblo,  is  a  very  conspicuous  object 
for  many  miles,  and  for  many  generations  was  the  rallying  point  for  the  northern 
Pueblos  in  all  their  wars  ;  and  in  the  time  of  the  reconquest  by  Vargas,  was  the  cen- 
ter around  which  most  of  the  history  of  that  long  conflict  revolves. 

The  church  here  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  interesting  in  New  Mexico.  It  is 
ninety  feet  long,  and  on  the  west  side,  surrounding  a  placita,  are  the  buildings  whicli 
were  the  cloisters  of  the  Franciscan  monks,  long  years  ago.  The  roof  of  the  church 
is  made  of  the  usual  vigas,  birt  instead  of  being  covered  with  boards,  the  covering  is 
made  of  small  branches  of  willow  or  cottonwood,  laid  closely  together,  as  is  fre- 
quently seen  in  old  buildings  erected  before  saw-mills  were  introduced.  Behind  the 
altar  are  six  large  pictures,  all  painted  on  wood,  the  central  one  being  of  San 
Yldefonso.  In  the  baptistery  are  three  wooden  "  Santos  "-^-images  of  Saints — of 
Mexican  manufacture,  and  several  old  pictures,  among  which  the  tourist  must  not 
overlook  one  which  is  painted  on  a  dressed  buffalo-hide.  This  represents  the  earliest 
stage  of  art  in  the  Territory,  and  paintings  on  this  novel  kind  of  canvas  are  very  rare. 

Santa  Clara  is  an  interesting  pueblo  on  the  west  side  of  the  Rio  Grande, 
about  three  miles  south  of  Esjmfiola.     There  is  an  old  church  here  well  worth  a  visit. 

Hspanola,  (Ace-pan-yo^lah),  is  the  southerly  terminus  of  the  D.  &  R.  G. 
R.  R.,  and  is  a  modern  village,  doing  a  flourishing  business.  Across  the  river  from 
here,  and  only  two  miles  distant,  is 

Santa  CruiC)  (San^tah  Crooce),  long  the  principal  city  of  the  Northern 
District  of  New  Mexico,  arid  the  center  in  ecclesiastical  affairs  of  the  great  parish  a( 


The  Denver  &  Rio  Grande,  Etc.  35 

the  nortk.  This  town  was  the  head-quarters  of  the  Revolution  of  1837,  and  here  the 
leaders  were  ultimately  captured,  and  Gonzalez,  the  "Governor,"  shot.  Close  to  this 
town  also,  was  fought  the  principal  battle  between  the  Americans  and  the  insurgents 
in  the  time  of  the  "Taos  Insurrection,"  known  as  the  "Battle  of  La  Canada."  The 
principal  object  of  interest,  however,  is 

The  Or  eat  Cliurcli  of  Santa  Cru«,  This  church  is  much  the 
largest  in  the  Territory,  and  is  full  of  objects  of  interest  to  the  antiquarian  and  the 
artist,  as  well  as  the  devout  Christian.  The  present  edifice  was  built  immediately 
after  the  reconquest  of  New  Mexico  by  the  Spaniards,  under  Vargas,  about  the  year 
1700.  It  is  built  in  the  usual  form  of  a  cross,  consisting  chiefly  of  the  church  proper 
and  two  chapels,  one  of  Our  Lady  of  Carmel  on  the  north,  and  of  San  Francisco  on 
the  south,  the  sacristy  and  baptistery  being  behind  the  chapel  of  San  Francisco,  and 
another  sacristy  in  front  of  the  chapel  of  Our  Lady  of  Carmel. 

In  the  nave,  until  recently,  were  six  very  fine  old  Spanish  paintings  on  one  side, 
and  an  equal  number  of  crude  Mexican  pictures  just  opposite,  forming  a  most  marked 
contrast.  The  former  have  now  been  placed  in  other  positions.  The  Mexican  pict- 
ures, which  are  still  on  the  north  side,  consist  of  seven  in  all.  The  lower  tier 
represents  Our  Lady  of  Sorrows,  St.  Joseph,  and  St.  Stephen ;  above  them  is  a  repre- 
sentation of  the  crucifixion  with  a  saint  on  each  side,  and  surmounting  all,  a  picture 
of  Our  Lady  of  Guadalupe. 

On  the  opposite  side,  in  a  niche  fifteen  feet  long  by  eight  feet  high,  is  a  represent- 
ation of  Christ  in  the  Tomb;  and  near  it  are  two  figures,  one  of  Our  Lord,  and  one  of 
Our  Lady  of  Carmel,  the  Latter  in  an  embroidered  silk  robe.  Neither  of  these  have 
artistic  merit;  but  near  them  is  the  most  beautiful  specimen  of  antique  wood  carving 
in  the  Territory,  being  a  statuette  of  St.  Francis.  It  has,  unfortunately,  lost  the 
hands,  but  is  a  most  interesting  example  of  Spanish  seventeenth  century  art.  The 
altar  piece  consists  of  a  number  of  separate  paintings.  In  the  center  is  a  statue  of  the 
Virgin  and  Child,  and  above  them  a  large  cross.  On  the  south  of  the  statue  are 
pictures  of  Santa  Teresa,  with  a  dove,  and  St.  Joseph  and  the  Child;  and  on  the 
north  San  Francisco  Javier,  and  Santa  Barbara.  Above  the  former  is  a  Holy 
Family,  including  San  Joaquin  and  Santjj-  Ana;  and  above  the  latter  two  angels. 
To  the  south  of  the  altar  is  a  picture  of  King  Ferdinand  ;  and  on  the  north,  St. 
Jerome. 

In  the  chapel  of  St.  Francis,  sometimes  called  the  chapel  of  the  Penitentes,  is  a 
wooden  statue  of  St.  Francis  three  and  one-half  feet  high,  and  a  small  Mexican 
picture  of  the  nativity. 

In  the  chapel  of  Our  Lady  of  Carmel  is  a  beautiful  modern  image  of  the  Virgin, 
crowned ;  and  on  each  side  a  painting  on  metal,  one  of  St.  Anthony  of  Padue,  and 
one  of  St.  Joseph.  Behind  the  statue,  and  now  hidden  from  view,  is  a  picture  of  Our 
Lady  of  Carmel. 

The  doors  which  lead  to  this  chapel  are  very  curious,  Deing  made  in  elaborate 
panels,  and  painted  blue,  red,  and  yellow.  In  the  sacristy  attached  to  this  chapel 
are  a  great  many  ornaments  of  Mexican  manufacture,  which,  with  the  growth  of  a 
more  refined  taste,  or  from  their  becoming  broken,  have  been  discarded  from  time  to 
time.  Among  them  are  two  Angels  of  the  Last  Judgment,  with  long  trumpets, 
said  to  have  been  made  at  Chimayo,  and  a  number  of  paintings  on  wood,  including  a 
Holy  Family,  San  Francisco,  Senora  of  Guadalupe,  etc.  The  walls  of  the  chapels  are 
four  and  one-half  feet  thick,  and  those  of  the  church  in  some  places  still  thicker. 

In  the  main  sacristy  are  several  of  the  Spanish  paintings  which  were  originally 
in  the  nave  of  the  cluirch,  and  many  other  interesting  articles.  Among  these  are  : 
Two  companion  pictures  of  large  size — one  of  the  Virgin  and  Child,  and  one  of  St. 
Joseph  and  the  Child;  the  Archangel  Gabriel;  Our  Lady  of  Sorrows;    a  smaller 


36  The  Denver  &  Rio  Grande,  Etc. 

picture  of  San  Joaquin ;  the  Coronation  of  the  Blessed  Virgin  by  the  Holy  Spirit. 
All  of  these  pictures  are  of  artistic  merit,  and  probably  were  brought  from  Spain  at 
an  early  day.  Several,  and  especially  the  last,  bear  evident  traces  of  the  school  of 
Murillo.  The  Banner  of  the  Confraternity  of  the  Blessed  Sacrament ;  two  ancient 
candlesticks  of  tin,  each  eight  feet  high  ;  a  baptismal  font  of  beaten  copper,  two  feet 
in  diameter,  with  a  silver  conch-shell ;  a  batraca  of  wood,  used  instead  of  a  bell  to 
call  the  congregation  during  the  last  three  days  of  Lent ;  a  pyx  of  solid  silver, 
heavily  gilt;  magnificent  sacerdotal  vestments  embroidered  in  gold  and  silver. 

Among  the  most  interesting  books  preserved  in  this  church  are  the  following: — 

1.  "Libro  de  Casamientos  de  la  Villa  Nueva  de  Santa  Cruz,  Ano  1726." 

Record  of  marriages  of  the  new  town  of  Santa  Cruz.  This  was  commenced  by 
"  Padre  Predicator  fray  Manuel  de  Sopena/'  and  the  frontispiece  is  a  picture,  in  elab- 
orate pen-and-ink  work,  of  the  marriage  of  the  Blessed  Virgin  and  St.  Joseph. 

2.  Libro  de  Difuntos  de  la  Mission  de  San  Diego  de  los  Jemez. 

The  record  of  deaths  at  Jemez,  beginning  August,  1720.  This  was  kept  by  Father 
Francisco  C.  J.  Delgado,  "  Notary  of  the  Holy  Office  of  the  Inquisition." 

3.  Record   of  deaths  at  Santa  Cruz,  1726,  with  three  title-pages   in   curious   pen- 

work. 

The  books  contain  many  interesting  documents,  as,  for  example,  a  letter  from  the 
King  of  Spain  as  to  Indian  affairs,  in  1769. 

This  church  was  the  central  seat  of  the  Confraternity  of  Our  Lady  of  Carmel, 
and  contains  a  register  of  all  of  its  members,  "  made  by  authority  of  the  Pope  and 
the  Bishop  of  Durango,"  in  1760,  and  a  curious  record  of  its  property  and  expenses, 
dated  1768. 

Xlie  Pueblo  of  San  Juan  (San  Hwahn)  is  on  the  east  side  of  the 
Rio  Grande,  five  miles  above  Santa  Cruz.  It  is  a  large  town,  surrounded  by  fertile 
fields,  and  the  seat  of  a  large  manufactory  of  pottery.  The  Indians  here  also  pre- 
pare bird-skins  in  a  peculiar  way,  for  ornaments.  From  the  uniform  loyalty  of  the 
people  of  this  Pueblo  to  the  Spaniards,  it  was  named  "  San  Juan  de  los  Caballeros  " 
(St.  Jonn  of  the  Gentleman). 

Pla2;a  de  Alcalde  is  a  pleasant  village  three  miles  above  San  Juan,  and 
was  until  1880  the  county  seat  of  Rio  Arriba  County.  Opposite  here,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Chama  &  Rio  Grande,  is  the  historic  spot  where  Onate  founded  the 

City  of  Ne'W  IW[exico,  the  first  permanent  settlement  made  by  his  expe- 
dition in  1592. 

I^a  Joya  (Lah  Hoy^'yah)  is  a  charming  spot  on  the  east  bank,  almost  sur- 
rounded by  hills,  and  fields  with  peaches,  apricots,  and  grapes.  From  here  commences 
the  U.  S.  military  road  to  Taos,  built  along  the  east  side  of  the  Rio  Grande. 

£^tllt>udo  (Aim-boo^dah)  is  the  station  from  which  the  stages  run  to 

Kernando  de  Taos  (Touce). — This  latter  is  one  of  the  most  interesting 
towns  in  the  Territory.  It  is  built  around  a  plaza  which  was  parked  in  1881.  Here 
were  the  first  trading-places  of  the  early  pioneers.  Roubidoux  came  here  about  1822, 
and  Beaubien  six  years  later.  Bent  and  St.  Vrain  had  an  establishment  here,and  Kit 
Carson  made  it  his  home  and  is  buried  here.  The  church  is  a  large  one,  containing 
many  objects  of  interest,  and  the  tourist  should  not  fail  to  see  the  old  broken  bell  in 
the  door-yard  of  the  Padre.  The  Sisters  of  Loreto  have  a  school  here,  kept  by  a 
small  number  of  devoted  women  ;  and  the  Presbyterians  also  have  a  mission  school. 
At  the  east  end  of  the  town  is  a  chapel,  generally  known  as  the  Penitente's  Chapel, 
which  contains  several  interesting  and  curious  pictures.  The  key  can  generally  be 
obtained  from  the  lady  who  owns  the  property.  The  Penitentes  are  very  numerous 
in  this  country,  and  have  a  morada  or  lodge-room  east  of  the  town  in  the  valley. 
Here  can  be  seen  fifteen  large  crosses  fiiom  sixteen  to  seventeen  feet  long,    which  they 


The  Denver  &  Rio  Grande,  Etc.  37 

jarry  by  way  of  penance  in  Holy  Week,  and  especially  on  Grood  Friday.  It  was  at  Taos 
ihat  Governor  Bent  and  the  other  officials  were  killed  at  the  outbreak  of  what  is 
called  the  "Taos  Insurrection"  in  January,  1847.  Shortly  afterwards,  the  American 
army,  under  Price,  after  the  battle  of  Canada  and  Embudo,  appeared,  pursuing  the 
sevolutionists,  who  had  lost  many  of  their  number  by  the  return  of  Mexicans  to  their 
homes,  and  now  largely  consisted  of  Pueblo  Indians.  The  latter  entrenched  them- 
selves in  the  old  church  at  the  Taos  Pueblo,  and  here  a  fierce  battle  took  place,  the 
stronghold  finally  being  stormed  and  taken.  Montoya,  the  chief  in  the  revolutionary 
movement,  and  fourteen  others — seven  Mexicans  and  seven  Pueblos — were  executed 
for  participation  in  the  killing  of  Governor  Bent,  etc. 

Taos  Puetjlo  is  three  miles  from  the  village  of  Taos,  and  is  by  far  the 
most  interesting  of  the  pueblos  in  the  Rio  Grande  Valley.  It  consists  chiefly  of  two 
large  buildings,  each  five  stories  high,  and  inhabited  by  about  350  persons.  It  is  the 
best  existing  example  of  the  many-storied  Pueblo  houses,  as  seen  by  the  early  dis- 
coverers, and  no  one  should  come  to  the  South-west  without  visiting  it.  It  has  been 
rendered  so  familiar  by  pictures  and  descriptions  that  it  seems  unnecessary  to  say 
more  of  it  here. 

HI  RancIlO  die  Taos  is  a  large  town  about  four  miles  south-east  of  Fernan- 
dez, and  is  perhaps  the  best  example  of  an  unchanged  Mexican  town  to  be  found.  It 
has  a  large  church,  two  or  three  very  ancient  houses;  and  near  it  is  a  warm  spring. 

North  of  Taos,  distant  twelve  and  twenty-four  miles  respectively,  are  the 
Rio  Hondo  and  Rio  Colorado,  (Ree^o  Oan^do  and  Ree^o  Cole-o-ral/do) 
both  bordered  b.y  large  areas  of  gold-bearing  gravel,  and  the  center  of  well-known 
mining  districts. 

About  twenty -five  miles  south  of  Taos,  is  the 

Pueblo  of  Picuris,  (Pee-coo-reece)  a  small  pueblo  among  the  mountains 
of  much  historic  interest.  Near  here  are  flourishing  mining  districts,  containing 
gold,  silver,  copper,  and  iron  ;  prominent,  among  the  localities,  being  Copper  Moun- 
tain and  Copper  Hill. 

From  Embudo  the  railroad  ascends  by  a  very  extraordinary  grade  to  the  mesa 
on  the  west  side  of  the  Rio  Grande,  which  here  passes  through  a  deep  canon. 

Barranca  is  the  station  from  which  stages  run  to 

Ojo  Caliente,  or  Hot  Springs,  of  Rio  Arriba  County.  These  have  been 
celebrated  for  a  century  or  more.  Pike  describes  them  in  1807.  There  are  four 
springs,  and  they  are  strongly  mineralized.  The  temperature  is  about  115°.  An  ex- 
cellent hotel  accommodates  guests  here.  The  Springs  and  adjoining  property  belong  to 
Hon.  Antony  Joseph.  On  the  hills  above  the  Springs  are  the  ruins  of  three  pre-his- 
toric  pueblos,  and  across  the  river  are  two  more.  Theye  are  full  of  interesting  relics 
of  the  past,  and  the  lines  of  long  rows  of  buildings  can  be  easily  distinguished. 

Tres  Piedras  (Trace  Pe-ay^dras)  is  the  station  for  the  mining  district 
which  has  the  singular  name  of  Headstone. 

On  the  western  branch  from  Antonito  the  scenery  is  truly  magnificent,  culminat- 
ing in  that  of  the  celebrated 

Toltec  Oorg^e,  around  which  the  railroad  sweeps,  giving  splendid  views  of 
this  natural  wonder.  The  railroad  itself  for  forty  miles  is  a  miracle  of  itself—  wind- 
ing back  and  forth  as  it  ascends  the  mountains,  so  that  there  is  scarcely  any  point 
where  the  road  is  not  visible  from  the  car-windows  on  one  side  or  the  other ;  and  at 
one  place  it  passes  the  same  spot  three  times. 

The  CliffD'wellings  antl  Cave  Cities  of  the  North-west  are  to  be 
reached  by  this  road.     From  Chaiiia  station  a  road  runs  fifteen  miles  to 

Tierra    Aniarilla    (Te-air^rah    Ani-ah-reerya),  the   county  seat  of    Rio 


38  The  Tertio-Millennial  Celebration. 

Arriba  County.     Going  down   the  valley  of   the  Chama  from  here,  and  about  half 
way  back  to  Espafiola,  is  the  old  town  of 

Abiquiu  (Ah-bee-cue^),  long  the  outi)ost  of  civilization  on  the  Indian  bor- 
der. The  town  itself  will  interest  the  tourist,  and  it  possesses  an  old  church  which 
will  well  repay  a  visit.  Besides  this,  there  are  the  ruins  of  an  ancient  pueblo  about 
three  miles  below  the  town  that  will  fully  reward  a  day's  examination. 


The Tertio-Millennial  Celebration,  i  5  50- 1 883 . 

As  the  Three  Hundred  and  Thirty-third  Anniversary  of  the  first  European  set- 
tlement of  Santa  F^  approached,  a  strong  sentiment  manifested  itself  in  favor  of 
having  a  suitable  commemoration  of  such  an  important  historic  event. 

This  first  took  shape  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  in  the  fall  of  1882 
when  it  was  resolved  to  arrange  for  such  a  celebration  ;  and  soon  after  the  "  Santa  Fe 
Tertio-Millennial  Anniversary  Association  "  was  incorporated.  Its  directors,  elected 
at  the  first  annua,l  meeting,  are  :  Solomon  Spiegelberg,  L.  B.  Prince,  W.  V.  Hayt,  W- 
W.  Griffin,  W.  T.  Thornton,  R.  Martinez,  E.  L.  Bartlett,  A.  Boyle,  A.  Seligman,  A. 
Staab,  L.  Spiegelberg ;  and  the  officers  are :  President,  W.  W.  Griffin  ;  Vi^e-Presidents, 
L.  B.  Prince,  A.  Seligman,  R. Martinez;  Treasurer,  L.  Spiegelberg;  Secretary,  Arthur 
Boyle;  with  Charles  W.  Greene  as  General  Manager. 

The  Association  almost  immediately  decided  that  the  celebration  should  take 
the  double  form  of  a  historic  commemoration,  and  an  exhibition  of  the  resources 
and  productions  of  the  Territory.  The  historic  commemoration  will  consist  of 
addresses  by  distinguished  speakers  on  appropriate  topics ;  of  the  reproduction  bv 
aboriginal  tribes,  both  civilized  and  wild,  of  the  ceremonies,  dances,  games,  etc.,  oi 
the  Indian  inhabitants ;  of  historic  pageants  representing  the  great  events  of  the  past 
three  centuries,  from  the  coming  of  the  first  Spanish  travellers  and  explorers  until  the 
present  time,  etc.  With  this  view,  by  permission  of  the  United  States  government, 
bands  of  Mescalero  Apaches,  of  Navajoes,  and  of  Pueblo  Indians  from  Zufii,  Laguna, 
Santo  Domingo,  San  Juan,  Taos,  San  Yldefonso,  etc.,  will  be  present;  and  leading 
citizens  of  both  Spanish  and  American  descent,  have  arranged  to  take  part  in  the 
historic  J^ageants. 

The  Exposition  of  resources  and  productions  will  probably  include  the  finest  dis- 
play of  mineral  ever  made  at  one  tim^,  including  a  great  variety  of  ores  of  gold,  sil- 
ver, copper,  lead,  coal  (anthracite  and  bituminous),  etc.,  with  mica,  plumbago,  cement, 
plaster-of-Paris,  building  stones,  and  other  mineral  products;  wool  of  all  kinds,  and 
in  every  form  ;  and  the  largest  variety  possible,  so  early  in  the  season,  of  fruits  and  veg- 
etables; besides  manufactured  products  of  various  kinds. 

The  Association  fortunately  secured,  from  the  Government  the  fine  square  of  land 
selected  years  ago  for  the  Territorial  Capitol,  and  have  erected  thereon  the  various 
buildings  necessary.  The  main  building  is  480  feet  long  by  60  feet  wide,  and  has  been 
I)ronounced  by  those  who  are  best  informed  in  such  matters  to  be  the  most  perfect 
structure  for  its  purpose  ever  erected— being  lighted  entirely  from  above  by  a  uniform 
light,  free  from  glare.  Attached  to  the  northern  side  of  this  is  a  large  annex,  which 
the  great  extent  of  the  exhibits  made  necessary. 

The  old  Capitol  building,  begun  in  1859  but  never  finished,  has  been  utilized  by 
being  floored,  roofed,  and  supplied  with  windows  and  doors— thus  making  a  very 
strong  and  convenient  stone  structure,  which  is  used  for  a  reception  room  for  invited 


The  Tertio-Millennial  Celebration.  39 

guests,  offices  of  the  Association,  exhibition  rooms  for  valuable  antiquities,  pictures, 
etc.,  etc. 

For  meetings,  addresses,  balls,  concerts,  etc.,  a  great  tent,  capable  of  accommodat- 
ing 3,000  persons,  has  been  erected,  over  a  smooth  floor.  All  kinds  of  minor  conven- 
iences for  the  comfort  of  visitors  are  provided  with  care.  A  large  building  for  a 
restaurant  is  near  the  front  entrance.  Other  restaurants,  refreshment-parlors,  etc. 
are  in  various  places  on  the  grounds.  A  race-track,  one-third .  of  a  mile  long,  sur- 
rounds the  principal  buildings.  A  charming  lake  is  north-west  of  the  Capitol  build- 
ing, and  fountains  abound  on  eVerj  hand.  The  Indians  are  encamped  in  four  differ- 
ent parts  of  the  grounds ;  and  two  regimental  bands  of  the  United  States  Army — 
those  of  the  Thirteenth  and  Twenty-Fifth  Kegiments — through  the  courtesy  of  Major- 
General  Pope,  are  to  remain  during  the  entire  celebration. 

It  is  useless  to  reproduce  the  programme  here,  as  it  is  printed  officially  for  distri- 
bution; but  it  may  be  said  generally,  that  no  such  succession  of  attractions  was  ever 
before  presented  to  the  public — certainly  not  of  such  an  interesting  and  instructive 
historic  character. 


H.W.WYMAN, 

—DEALER  IN- 

JEWELRY  AND  DIAMONDS, 


atches,  Clocks,  Silver-plated  Ware, 


W; 

B  AMEHICAN  AND  MEXICAN  PILIQKEE  JEWELKY, 

Sewing  machines  and  attachments. 

I  South-fast  (Jonifv of  Seventh  and  Doiujlaa  Avenue, 

s  Vegas,  -  -  -  -  New  Mexico. 


On  the  Plaza,  .  SANTA  FE,  NEW   MEXICO. 


REAL  ESTATE.  INSURANCE 


AND 


MINING    EXCHi^NGiH. 


— DEALER   IN — 


STOCKS,  BONDS,  COUNTY  WARRANTS. 

Mioney   to    Loan    on   Bond  and  Mortgages. 

NOTES  AND  BILLS  DISCOUNTED. 

History  of  New  Mexico 

From  the  Earliest  Records  to  the  American  Occupation, 


L.    BRA.DFORr)    PRIISrCJE, 

President  of  the  Historical  Society  of  New  Mexico,  Late  Chief  Justice,  Etc. 


This  fills  the  want  long  felt  for  a  book  containing  the  interesting 
and  romantic  events  of  New  Mexican  history,  including  full  accounts  ' 
of  the  Pueblo  Aborigines,  the  expeditions  of  Cabeza  de  Vaca,  Marcos 
de  Niza,  Coronado,  Ruiz,  Espejo,  Onate,  Pefialosa,  the  Pueblo  Revo-  ' 
lution,  the  reconquest,  Pike's  Expedition,  the   Santa  Fe  Trail,  Revo- 
lution of  1837,  American  Occupation,  Revolt  of  1847,  etc. 


Price,  $2.oo.    For  Sale  at  Booksellers  and 
Historical  Rooms* 


I 


THCE^ 


ITIRAVELERS 


I 


.^LiFE  AND  mmm^. 
Insurance    Oomjoany 

OF  HARTFORD,  CONN. 


Paid-up  Casli  Capital ^600,000 

Total  Assets 6,607,394.40 

Total  Liabilities 4,992,095.20 

Surplus  as  regards  policy-holders 1,675,299.20 


Summary  of  Nineteen  Years  Business. 

LIFE  DEPARTMENT. 

Whole  number  of  Life  Policies  iu  force,  over 13.500 

Amount  Life  Insurance  in  force,  over S23.O0O.OOO 

Paid  Pohcy-Holders  in  Life  Department, ovti 2,450,000 

ACCIDENT  DEPARTMENT. 

Whole  number  Accident  Policies  written,  over 885  000 

Whole  number  Accident  Claims  paid,  over 91.500 

Whole  amount  Accident  Claims  paid,  over; .    §5,850.000 

Total  Losses  paid,  both  Departments,  over 8,300,000 

Insures  against  Accidents  causing  bodily  injury  or  loss  of  life  ;  guaranteeing  the  pay- 
ment of  the  principal  sum  insured,  from  $300  to  $10,000  if  the  injury  cause  (Jeath  within 
three  months;  or  a  weekly  indemnity  in  case  the  injury  totally  disables  the  insured  from 
labor  or  business,  such  indemnity  not  to  exceed  the  money  value  of  time  lost,  nor  to 
continue  more  than  twenty-six  weeks  for  any  one  accident. 

The  yearly  cost  is  very  small,  being  from  $5  to  §80  per  $1,000  (with  15  weekly  indemnity) 
according  to  occupation  and  degree  of  hazard. 

All  sums  paid  as  indemnity  will,  in  case  of  loss  bj'  death  during  the  same  year,  be 
deducted,  so  that  in  no  case  the  total  amount  paid  shall  exceed  the  principal  sum  insured. 
It  issues  also 

I^ife  and  £ndown?>eiit  Polici<>s,  all  best  forms,  with  ample  security  and  definite 
contract. 

General  Accident  Policies,  by  the  year  or  month,  written  by  agents  at  short 
notice. 

<'onibined  Policies,  Life  and  Indemnity,  at  about  ordinary  cost  of  Life  Policj- 
alone. 

Registered  Oeueral  Accident  Tickets,  one  to  thirty  days,  sold  at  Agencies  and 
Railway  Stations. 

JAMEf^  G.  BATTERSON President 

RODNEY  DENNIS Secretary 

JOHN  E.  MORRIS Assistant  Secretary 

GEORGE  ELLIS  Actuary 

EDWARD  V.PRESTON Superintendent  of  Agencies 

J.  B.  LEWIS,  M.  D....a.. Surgeon  and  Adjuster 

SAMUEL  LESEM State  Agent  for  Colorado,  New  Mexico  and  Kansas 

WM.  M.  BERGER Agent,  Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico 


